2. Cancer Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body Cancer occurs when the cells divide too rapidly. Also when cells “forget” to die

3. Location Almost any organ or tissue such as: Lungs, Colon, Breast, Bones, or Nerve tissue

4. Causes Radiation, Sunlight, Tobacco, Certain Viruses, Benzene, and Certain poisonous mushrooms Many causes today still remain unknown

5. What is Breast Cancer? Malignant cells found in breast tissue Found in women and rare cases of men Most common cancer in women Second leading cause of cancer death in women Leading cause of death in women ages 40- 55

6. Most common types Most common form is duct breast cancer Lobular Inflammatory breast cancer

7. Causes Hereditary 5% to 10% The cause of breast cancer is unknown

8. Risk Factors The risk increases with age Menstruate at early age Late menopause Not giving birth Abnormal cells in breast

9. Symptoms in women Breast lump Lump in armpit Change in size, shape, or feel of nipple Fluid seepage from nipple Bone pain Breast pain Skin ulcers Swelling of one arm Weight loss

10. Symptoms in Men Breast lump Breast pain and tenderness

11. Test physical exam Mammogram breast MRI breast ultrasound breast biopsy

12. Treatment Based upon type and stage of cancer Sensitive to certain hormones Chemotherapy Radiation

13. Surgery Treatment Lumpectomy Mastectomy

14. Prevention Healthy diet and Early detection Clinical breast exam Mammograms Women ages 20-39 doctor exam every 3 years All women over the age of 40 yearly exam

15. Breast self exam once a month before your period

16. A Self Exam

20. Breast cancer x-ray

21. Lung Cancer

22. 2 Types of lung cancer Small cell Broken down to 3 types 1. Small cell carcinoma 2. Mixed small cell carcinoma 3. Combined small cell carcinoma non-small cell lung cancer

23. Causes Smoking Second hand smoke

24. Location and Spreading of cancer Small cell starts in air tubes Rapidly spreads Grow quickly and create tumors Can spread to brain, liver, and bones.

25. Symptoms Cough Bloody sputum shortness of breath wheezing chest pain swallowing difficulty Hoarseness or changing of voice facial swelling

26. Test Physical exam Medical history and how long you have smoked Listen to chest Chest x-ray Sputum test MRI Biopsy

27. Treatment Chemotherapy Radiation Surgery- for limited small cell only with one tumor

28. Prevention Stop Smoking!! Try to avoid second hand smoke

29. Ovarian Cancer Cancer of the reproductive organs in a woman

30. Causes, incidence 1 in 67 chance of developing ovarian cancer 5 th most common cancer in women Cause is unknown

31. Risk factors Lower risk if having more children early Older women have high risk Carrying the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 Use of fertility drugs

32. Symptoms: Sense of pelvic heaviness Lower abdominal discomfort Vaginal bleeding Abnormal periods Nausea and vomiting Increased urinary frequency Excessive hair growth

33. Test Physical exam CBC blood chemistry ultrasound abdominal CT scan or MRI of abdomen

34. Treatment Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation

35. Prevention Regular pelvic examinations Screening test

36. Uterus Cancer Also know as endometrail cancer and uterine cancer

37. Causes Unknown Increased amounts of estrogen

38. Risk factors History of endometrail polyps benign growths on uterine lining Estrogen replacement therapy Diabetes Never being pregnant/ infertility Starting menstruation early Staring menopause after age 50

39. Test Pap smear Endometrail biopsy If cancer is found further testing is done to determine cancer stage

40. Treatment Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy Hysterectomy Abdominal hysterectomy

41. Prevention Pelvic exams Pap smears Precautions taking estrogen replacement therapy

42. Cervical Cancer Cancer that starts in the cervix 1 in 3 women will develop cervical cancer

43. Causes Cancer in the cells on the surface of the cervix 2 types of cells: squamous and columnar

44. Squamous Most cancer is from squamous cells Development is very slow Starts as pre-cancerous

45. HPV Almost all cervical cancers of caused by HPV HPV is spread through sexual intercourse

46. Risk factors Having sex at early age Multiple sex partners Long-term use of birth control

47. Symptoms Vaginal discharge Abnormal vaginal bleeding Pelvic pain Back pain Single swollen leg Leaking of urine or feces from the vagina

48. Test Colostomy Pap smears

49. Treatment Proper treatment depends on stage of cancer, health of woman, and desire to have children Early cervical cancer treated with removing cells Advanced: LEEP(Loop Electrosurgical Procdure)

50. Treatment Cryotherapy Laser therapy Hysterectomy Radical Hysterectomy

51. Prevention Vaccine Gardasil Practicing safe sex Getting regular pap smears Quit smoking

52. Skin Cancer If you have sun exposure, moles, or a family history of skin cancer you are at risk Everyone is at some risk for Melanoma!

53. Sun exposure UVA and UVB rays induce skin cancer including melanoma Blistering sunburns in early childhood Tanning beds

54. Location People who live in places with more sunlight are at a much higher risk of developing skin cancer Ex. Florida, Hawaii, and Australia

55. Family history 1 in every 10 patients diagnosed with skin cancer has a family history of some type of skin cancer Once you have melanoma your chances of getting it again are high

56. Prevention Limit your sun exposure Sun screens Don’t use tanning beds!!!

57. Melanoma Pictures

59. Melanoma pictures

61. Moles Basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma

62. Basal cell carcinoma Most common form of skin cancer 1 million new cases each year in the US

63. Cause The sun

64. Location Basal cells line the deepest part of the epidermis Malignant growths (tumors) that arise in this layer Found on the face, ears, scalp, shoulders, and back

65. Test Biopsy

66. Treatment Removal of the cells Leaves scars but is not life threatening

67. Warning signs Asymmetry Border

68. Warning signs Color Diameter

69. Basal Cell Pictures

75. Squamous Cell Second most common form of skin cancer 250,000 new cases a year in the US

76. Location Found in the upper layer of skin Sun exposed body parts Rim of the ear and lower lip Skin that has injury

77. Cause Sun exposure Weakened immune systems

78. What to look for