1. Extending Acid/Base Concepts 1 a) proton, hydronium, H 3 O + b) all release H + : mono = releases 1 H +, poly = more than 1, di = two, tri = three c) Neutralization HCl H + + Cl – NaOH OH – + Na + HCl + NaOH H 2 O + NaCl 2b) i) there is no water/solution, thus aqueous ions do not form (no H + or OH – ) 1d), 2a) H+ acceptorH+ donor Produces OH – in solution Produces H + in solution Bronsted Arrhenius (grade 11) BaseAcid

2. Extending Acid/Base Concepts 2b) ii) diagram as on pg. 418 iii) HCl is an acid because it donates H +, NH 3 accepts H + and therefore is the base (NH 4 + and Cl – then form an ionic compound) 3a) Lewis acid: electron pair acceptor Lewis base: electron pair donor 3b) the Lewis definition is universal because Arrhenius and Bronsted are special cases (as above or in reaction on pg. 428) H H H H H H H HN N Cl + + - +

3. Extending Acid/Base Concepts 4 a) HCN(l) + H 2 O CN – (aq) + H 3 O + (aq) b) Forward: HCN is acid, H 2 O is base c) Reverse: H 3 O + is acid, CN – is base d) A conjugate acid-base pair are two substances that differ from each other by just one proton (H + ) e) HCN and CN – and H 2 O and H 3 O + are conjugate acid-base pairs 4 a) HCN(l) + H 2 O CN – (aq) + H 3 O + (aq) See back of textbook for answers to PE 25 – 28, and RE 11.77 For more lessons, visit www.chalkbored.com www.chalkbored.com