1. Post WW II – Nationalism - Having pride
Unit 18
Post WW II – Nationalism - Having pride
in one’s nation, ethnicity, culture, etc.

2. Nationalism in Southeast Asia
Unit 18 – Post WW II - Nationalism
Essential Questions
Nationalism in Africa
Post WW II Nationalism
Nationalism in India
Map
Timeline
Nationalism in Southeast Asia

3. Got independence from European countries, “gradually” 1940’s – 1970’s
Africa
Got independence from European countries, “gradually” 1940’s – 1970’s
India
A British colony – got independence in 1947
Was “partitioned” (split-up) because Hindus and Muslims could not get along
French Indo-China
French colony
Vietnam War
Communism

4. Timeline of Post WW II - Nationalism
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
1945:
WW II ended
1994:
“Apartheid” ended in South Africa
1947:
India got independence
Was “partitioned” into India and Pakistan
1971:
“East Pakistan” became Bangladesh
African colonies “gradually” got independence
India/Pakistan border disputes began
French fought for Vietnam
U.S. involvement in Vietnam
Ethnic Rivalries in Africa

5. 1. New nations were based on old tribal boundaries.
Which is an accurate statement about the partitioning of Africa by European imperialist nations during the 1800s?
1. New nations were based on old tribal boundaries.
2. The cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people was disregarded.
3. The continent was divided equally among the colonial powers.
4. African unity was encouraged.

6. On the same page as timeline
Case Study – Nationalism in Turkey
Kemal Ataturk: Nationalist leader of modern Turkey –
overthrew the Sultan
(Ottoman Empire) following WWI

7. How he changed Turkey:
Replaced Islamic traditions with “western” style customs
Laws
Calendar
Clothes
Women
received more
rights
Began western
style industrialization

8. Stop and Think! Partner A: Where was Kemal Ataturk from?
Partner B: What did he do?

9. Which action is most closely associated with Ataturk (Mustafa Kemal)?
1) Using Western practices to modernize Turkey
2) Beginning the Zionist movement
3) Starting the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
4) Enforcing Islamic law

10. Stop and Think!
Partner A: What happened to the continent of Africa during the 1800s?
Partner B: Who did it and why did it happen?

11. III. Nationalism in Africa
Pre-World War II:
Africa was divided up
into European colonies

12. World War II: European colonies grew tired of fighting wars
Post-World War II: Colonies not wanting to fight – Europeans decided to allow their colonies independence

14. Stop and Think! Partner A: What impact did war have on colonists?
Partner B: What happened to colonies after WWII?

15. Important Independence Movements:
Ghana:
In general – got independence peacefully
Led by Kwame Nkrumah

16. Important Independence Movements:
Kenya:
A lot of violence was used to get independence
Led by Jomo Kenyatta

17. Stop and Think! Partner A: Who led the independence movement in Ghana?
Partner B: Who led the independence movement in Kenya?
Partner A: How did these independent movements differ?

18. One similarity in the leadership of Simon Bolivar and Jomo Kenyatta is that both leaders
Promoted European control over the Americas
Became religious leaders of their countries
Controlled large areas of land in the Americas
Fought for independence from European control

19. Stop and Think!
Partner A: What happened to South Africa during the imperialism unit?
Partner B: How may this situation cause racism?

20. Apartheid Took place in the nation of South Africa
History
Took place in the nation
of South Africa
1948 – white minority
controlled the black
majority through a
government policy called
“apartheid” (separation of
the races) 42

21. Stop and Think! Partner A: What is apartheid?
Partner B: How is this similar to the U.S. Jim Crow Laws?

22. ANC African National Congress
created to oppose apartheid
led peaceful protests
led by Nelson Mandela

23. Leaders Nelson Mandela early leader of the ANC
jailed because of his ANC work
elected president of South Africa
Who does Mandela
remind you of in
U.S. history? 45

24. Stop and Think! Partner A: What was the African National Congress?
Partner B: Who is Nelson Mandela?
Partner A: Who may Nelson Mandela remind you of in U.S. history?

25. The South African government’s policy of racial separation between 1948 and 1994 was called
Pan-Africanism
apartheid
(3) democratization
(4) suffrage

26. Leaders Bishop Desmond Tutu
organized international pressure against South Africa
trade embargoes
banned from Olympics

27. Leaders F.W. DeKlerk white president that legalized the ANC
his reforms led to the end of apartheid

28. Stop and Think! Partner A: Who is Desmond Tutu?
Partner B: Who is F.W. DeKlerk?

29. After Independence:
Gradualism – the policy of allowing colonies their independence gradually – only after proving they were ready to govern themselves
British Commonwealth
An economic alliance
Between Great Britain and it former colonies

30. Ethnic Rivalries: hatred and violence between different tribal groups
Nigeria:
Over 200 tribes
Very unstable government since independence
Rwanda:
Tribal conflicts have led to acts of genocide
Hutus vs. Tutsi
Sudan: recent acts of genocide have taken place in the Darfur region

31. Stop and Think!
Partner A: What happened to India during the imperialism unit?
Partner B: What did the Indians do to resist (What was that conflict called)?
Amritsar Massacre

32. IV. Nationalism in India
Colonial History:
It had been a British colony
Sepoys had tried to get rid
of the British → failed
(Sepoy Mutiny)

33. Attempts at Nationalism:
Indian National Congress: organization created by Hindus – to get independence
Muslim League: organization created by Muslims – to get independence and their own Muslim nation

34. Stop and Think! Partner A: What is the Indian National Congress?
Partner B: What is the Muslim League?

35. Important Leaders: Mohandas Gandhi: used peaceful methods to get
India’s independence
“Passive Resistance”:
peaceful protesting
(boycotts, marches,
sit-ins) “Salt March”
“Civil Disobedience”:
breaking the law on purpose
to get attention for your
cause

36. Stop and Think! Partner A: Who is Mohandas Gandhi?
Partner B: What is passive resistance?
Partner A: What is civil disobedience?
Partner B: Who may Gandhi remind you of?

37. Mohandas Gandhi’s protests in India were a response to Great Britain’s
Support of Zionism
Practice of humanitarianism
Introduction of socialism
Policy of colonialism

38. Mohandas Gandhi is most closely associated with
1) Support of violence and terrorism to end British rule
2) Desire to strengthen the caste system
3) Use of civil disobedience to gain political freedom
4) Establishment of a national religion in India

39. One way in which Simon Bolivar, Jomo Kenyatta, and Mohandas Gandhi are similar is that each
Led a nationalist movement
Used nonviolent tactics
Supported imperialism
Opposed communism

40. Mohandas Gandhi’s protests during India’s independence movement were often successful because of his application of
(1) an appeasement policy
(2) civil disobedience
(3) traditional caste beliefs
(4) divide-and-conquer principles

41. Important Leaders:
Jawaharlal Nehru: first Prime Minister of India

42. Independence: 1947: British gave India independence
Partition: India was split; reason →Hindus and Muslims could not get along
India became Hindu
Pakistan became Muslim
West
Pakistan
East
Bangladesh
India (Hindu)

43. Stop and Think! Partner A: Who is Nehru?
Partner B: What happened to India after they gained independence?
Partner A: Indian became ________
Partner B: Pakistan became ________

44. Between 1945 and 1947, the differences between the Hindus and the Muslims in India led to the
Sepoy Mutiny
Salt March
Policy of nonalignment
Partitioning of the subcontinent

45. At the end of WWII, the British decided to partition the Indian subcontinent into the nations of India and Pakistan. What was the primary reason for this division?
1) India had adopted a policy of nonalignment
2) Religious differences led to conflicts between the Hindus and the Muslims
3) Most of India’s valuable resources were located in the south
4) British India’s Muslim minority controlled most of India’s banking industry

46. Recent Issues:
Non-Alignment: did not choose a side during the cold war
Kashmir and Punjab: areas near the India/Pakistan border that they often fight over
Pakistan:
India’s #1 enemy
Very strong Muslim nation
Recently had a good relationship with the U.S. (support for our anti-terrorism activities)

47. Stop and Think! Partner A: Give one current Indian issue
Partner B: Give another
Partner A: Give another

48. V. Nationalism in Southeast Asia
Vietnam:
As a French Colony:
Was a part of “French
Indo-China”
Fought against the French
for independence and won
India
Myanmar
(Burma)
Cambodia
Vietnam

49. Vietnam:
Ho Chi Minh: “Nationalist” leader – led Vietnam against the French
Dien bein phu: big battle in the French War (1954) French lost

50. Stop and Think!
Partner A: Who controlled Vietnam prior to their independence?
Partner B: Who leads the independence movement for Vietnam?

51. U.S. Involvement: Came in on the South’s side
To stop the spread of communism

52. Domino Theory:
U.S. believed that if one nation (Vietnam) fell to communism, other nearby nations would also fall

53. Stop and Think! Partner A: What was U.S.’s involvement in Vietnam?
Partner B: How is Vietnam related to the Cold War?

54. Viet Cong: (V.C., “Charlie”)
communists that lived in South Vietnam but fought secretly for North Vietnam

55. Stop and Think! Partner A: Who were the Vietcong?
Partner B: Why did this group cause a problem for American forces?

56. Results: U.S. pulled out of the war North took over the South
One communist nation today

57. Cambodia: Khmer Rouge: name of the communist party in Cambodia
Pol Pot: Brutal dictator
and leader of the
Khmer Rouge
Killed millions of
Cambodians
(attempt to eliminate
“western” influences)
India
Myanmar
(Burma)
Cambodia
Vietnam

58. Pol Pot – Do Not Write
All foreigners were expelled, embassies closed, and any foreign economic or medical assistance was refused. The use of foreign languages was banned. Newspapers and television stations were shut down, radios and bicycles confiscated, and mail and telephone usage curtailed. Money was forbidden. All businesses were shuttered, religion banned, education halted, health care eliminated, and parental authority revoked. Thus Cambodia was sealed off from the outside world.

59. Stop and Think! Partner A: Who is Pol Pot?
Partner B: What is the Khmer Rouge?
Partner B: What made Pol Pot and brutal dictator?

60. Myanmar: Colonial History: an old British colony (Burma)
After independence → a military government took over (dictatorship)
India
Myanmar
(Burma)
Cambodia
Vietnam

61. Myanmar: Aung San Suu Kyi:
Led the opposition group against the military dictatorship
Elected president – the
government didn’t allow
the results and she
was arrested

62. Stop and Think!
Partner A: Who took over Myanmar when they gained their independence?
Partner B: Who is Aung San Suu Kyi?