2. Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008

3. Table 1. Electoral Outcomes in Elections where the Presidency Changed Parties, 1912–2008 -- Insert table 1 here --

4. Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood

5. Figure 1. George W. Bush Job Approval, 2001-08 --

6. Figure 2. Public Opinion of whether the nation is on the right direction or wrong track, 2006-08

7. Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood An Economy in Turmoil

8. Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood An Economy in Turmoil Strategic Decision-making

9. Table 2. Fundraising and Expenditure Totals for Congressional Candidates, 2008

10. Table 3. Party Campaign Committee Fundraising and Spending, 2008

11. Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood An Economy in Turmoil Strategic Decision-making The Democrats Foundational Advantage

12. Figure 3. U.S. Partisan Identification, 2004-08

13. Figure 4. Generic Congressional Ballot, 2007-08

14. Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood An Economy in Turmoil Strategic Decision-making The Democrats Foundational Advantage Exploiting the Republican Disadvantage

15. Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood An Economy in Turmoil Strategic Decision-making The Democrats Foundational Advantage Exploiting the Republican Disadvantage A Ray of Hope for the GOP

16. Figure 5. Split-ticket Voting, 1952-2004

17. Figure 6. Congressional Job Approval, 1999-2008

18. Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood An Economy in Turmoil Strategic Decision-making The Democrats Foundational Advantage Exploiting the Republican Disadvantage A Ray of Hope for the GOP Playing Defense in a Year of Change

19. Figure 7. Gains and losses by the presidents party in presidential elections, 1908-2008