1. Introducing the music video

2. Forms and Conventions

3. A music video is a videotaped performance of a recorded popular song. It is usually accompanied by dance or a fragmentary story. Music videos often use concert footage. Queen – Bohemian Rhapsody. Queen – Bohemian Rhapsody Pop Music Video: Forms and Conventions

4. Typically music videos are three to five minutes long, they frequently include quick cuts, stylisations, fanciful and often erotic imagery, and computer graphics. Abba – Knowing Me Knowing You Pop Music Video: Forms and Conventions

5. Music videos can accommodate all styles of filmmaking, including animation, live action films, documentaries, and non-narrative, abstract film. Bob Dylan - Subterranean Homesick Blues. Pop Music Video: Forms and Conventions

6. In the 1980s the music video became synonymous with the rock idiom and for this reason they are often referred to as rock videos. U2 - Where The Streets Have No Name Foo Fighters - Pretender Pop Music Video: Forms and Conventions

7. Institutions

8. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. Kings of Leon – Sex on Fire Dizzy Rascal – Dance Wiv Me Pop Music Video: Institutions

9. The proliferation of music video came in the 1980s, when MTV (Music Television)'s format was based around them. The first video show in 1981 was… Buggles - Video Killed The Radio Star Pop Music Video: Institutions

10. For this reason the success of the music video is synonymous with the second British invasion of the American charts in the mid 1980s. Duran Duran – Rio Eurythmics – Sweet Dreams Wham! – Club Tropicana! Pop Music Video: Institutions

11. Although the origins go back much further to music television programs like Top of the Pops (UK), Ready Steady Go (UK), American Bandstand (US) and Musikladen (D). The Beatles – All You Need is Love TOTP Dusty Springfield – You Dont Have To Say You Love Me TOTP Pop Music Video: Institutions

12. By the end of the Sixties, when bands could not make it to a TV studio to perform, record companies often provided TV producers with a short film clip to promote their latest single. The Beatles - Strawberry Fields Forever. Pop Music Video: Institutions

13. By the 1990s many hundreds of videos, representing a cross-section of musical forms were being produced yearly. Genres include traditional to Country and Western, Hard Rock, Heavy Metal, Hip Hop, r+b, Adult Orientated Rock, Teen Pop etc. Guns n Roses - November Rain Kris Kross - JumpGuns n Roses - November RainKris Kross - Jump Pop Music Video: Institutions

14. Audiences

15. A common misconception is that pop music videos are aimed strictly at teen audiences. Kylie Minogue and Jason Donovan and the music produced by Stock, Aitkin and Waterman are classic examples of performers aimed at teenagers.Kylie Minogue Jason Donovan Pop Music Video: Audiences

16. Many videos of soft rock songs have traditionally been directed at an older group of viewers. Bon Jovi – In These Arms.Bon Jovi – In These Arms Stevie Nicks – Sometimes Its A Bitch Cher – Heart of Stone How do these video appeal to an older audience? Pop Music Video: Audiences

17. Since shortly after their inception, the style and content of music videos have strongly influenced advertising, television, film, and popular culture as a whole. The Clash – Should I Stay or Should I Go (Levis Advert)? Bryan Adams – Everything I Do I Do It For You (Robin Hood) Whitney Houston – I Will Always Love You (The Bodyguard) Pop Music Video: Institutions

18. Digital TV Channels means that music videos are targeted at niche audiences. Pop Music Video: Audiences

19. Pop Music Video: Audiences Beyonce - Irreplaceable

20. Pop Music Video: Audiences 30 Seconds to Mars Attack – The Kill

21. Pop Music Video: Audiences Coldplay - Yellow

22. On the internet sites like www.myspace.com have enabled unsigned bands like the Arctic Monkeys to find mainstream success in part by providing an outlet for new music videos.www.myspace.com Arctic Monkeys Pop Music Video: Audiences

23. You Tube is a forum for online bands to show DIY video footage. The Foo Fighters – Live in Norway on Mobile Phone Pop Music Video: Audiences

24. Fans can also post archive clips from TV shows… Bucks Fizz – Making Your Mind Up. Pop Music Video: Audiences

25. As well as professional music videos from established artists. Madonna – Hung Up Pop Music Video: Audiences

26. And spoof versions of famous videos. Madonna – Hung Up On Crack Pop Music Video: Audiences

27. Representations

28. The popular music video certainly has its own clichés Spinal Tap – Hell Hole Pop Music Video: Representations

29. Many examples of the genre feature the macho rock stars. The Cult – Sweet Soul Sister Guns and Roses – Sweet Child of Mine Pop Music Video: Representations

30. Scantily clad dancers have become cultural clichés… Robert Palmer – Addicted to Love Aerosmith – Love in an Elevator Pop Music Video: Representations

31. Certain music videos, however, are notable for their cutting- edge techniques and artistic innovations. As time passes those techniques can look dated. Dire Straits – Money For Nothing Peter Gabriel - Sledgehammer Pop Music Video: Representations

32. Race: in the early days of MTV in America black artists were not featured… until Michael Jacksons high budget Thriller. Michael Jackson - Thriller Pop Music Video: Representations

33. Gender is another key issue. Successful female rock stars have both lived up to and parodied male fantasies Blondie – Detroit 442 Donna Summer – I Feel Love Kate Bush – Wuthering Heights Pop Music Video: Representations

34. Many directors now train to become music video makers and it is often considered to be an auteurs medium with particular directors having specific styles of mise-en-scène, camerawork, editing etc. The Cardigans – Favourite GameThe Cardigans – Favourite Game Blink 182 – I Miss YouBlink 182 – I Miss You Jonas Akerlund smashing pumpkins, iggy pop, madonna, cardigans, metallica, blondie, primal scream, jamiroquia, rammstein, blink 182, janes addiction. Pop Music Video: Representations

35. Interestingly Jonas Akerlund is also in high demand as the director of television advertisements for leading brands. Jonas Akerlund Pop Music Video: Representations

36. From an institutional perspective audience/user generated content has transformed the forms and conventions of music video introducing a more DIY aesthetic. Has the music video come full circle? OK Go – Here It Goes Again Moby and Deborah Harry – New York New York Pop Music Video: Representations