1. Rocks 3.1 The rock cycle shows how rocks change. 3.2
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Rocks
the BIG idea
Rocks change into other rocks over time.
3.1
The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
3.2
Igneous rocks form from molten rock.
3.3
Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
3.4
Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.
CHAPTER OUTLINE

2. 3.1 The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
Processes at Earth's surface and heat within Earth cause rocks to change into other types of rocks.
rock
rock cycle
sediment
magma
sedimentary
metamorphic
igneous
igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
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OUTLINE

3. 3.1 rock The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
A naturally formed solid that is usually made up of one or more types of minerals.
igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

4. 3.1 rock cycle The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
The set of natural, repeating processes that form, change, break down, and re-form rocks.
igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

5. 3.1 igneous rock The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
Rock that forms as molten rock cools and becomes solid.
igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

6. 3.1 sedimentary rock The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
Rock formed as pieces of older rocks and other loose materials get pressed or cemented together or as dissolved minerals re-form and build up in layers.
igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

7. 3.1 metamorphic rock The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
Rock formed as heat or pressure causes existing rock to change in structure, texture, or mineral composition.
igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

8. Igneous rocks form from molten rock.
3.2
Igneous rocks form from molten rock.
As molten rock cools, minerals crystallize and form igneous rocks.
intrusive igneous rock
extrusive igneous rock
igneous
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OUTLINE

9. Igneous rocks form from molten rock.
3.2
Igneous rocks form from molten rock.
As molten rock cools, minerals crystallize and form igneous rocks.
intrusive igneous rock
extrusive igneous rock
Extrusive igneous rocks cool quickly at Earth's surface.
Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly within Earth.
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OUTLINE

10. intrusive igneous rock
3.2
Igneous rocks form from molten rock.
intrusive igneous rock
intrusive igneous rock
extrusive igneous rock
Igneous rock that forms as magma cools below Earth’s surface.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

11. extrusive igneous rock
3.2
Igneous rocks form from molten rock.
intrusive igneous rock
extrusive igneous rock
extrusive igneous rock
Igneous rock that forms as lava cools on Earth’s surface.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

12. Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
3.3
Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
Layers of sedimentary rocks form as
sediment
• sediments are pressed or cemented together
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13. Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
3.3
Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
Layers of sedimentary rocks form as
sediment
• sediments are pressed or cemented together
• dissolved minerals re-form as water evaporates
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14. 3.3 sediment Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
Solid materials such as rock fragments, plant and animal remains, or minerals that are carried by water or by air and that settle on the bottom of a body of water or on the ground.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

15. Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.
3.4
Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.
Metamorphic rocks form as the structure of the parent rocks change and as their minerals recrystallize.
metamorphism
recrystallization
foliation
shale
schist
heat and pressure
Nit-picky, but the green-gray arrow (prior to and proceeding animation) has a line btw the head and tail. Could bring the two portions together so there is no line? (I can’t figure out how to get down to that arrow…)
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16. 3.4 metamorphism Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.
recrystallization
The process by which a rock’s structure or mineral composition is changed by pressure or heat.
foliation
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

17. 3.4 recrystallization Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.
metamorphism
recrystallization
recrystallization
The process by which bonds between atoms in minerals break and re-form in new ways during metamorphism.
foliation
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

18. 3.4 foliation Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.
metamorphism
foliation
recrystallization
The arrangement of minerals within rocks into flat or wavy parallel bands; a characteristic of most metamorphic rocks.
foliation
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

19. 3.1 The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
I. The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
rock
A. Most rocks are made of minerals.
rock cycle
B. Our world is built of rocks.
igneous rock
C. Rocks change as they move through the rock cycle.
sedimentary rock
1. Rock Types
metamorphic rock
2. Rocks in the Crust
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

20. Igneous rocks form from molten rock.
3.2
Igneous rocks form from molten rock.
II. Igneous rocks form from molten rock.
intrusive igneous rock
A. Magma and lava form different types of igneous rocks.
extrusive igneous rock
1. Origin of Igneous Rocks
2. Textures of Igneous Rocks
3. Composition of Igneous Rocks
B. Igneous rocks make long-lasting landforms.
1. Intrusive Rock Formations
2. Extrusive Rock Formations
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

21. Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
3.3
Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
III. Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
sediment
A. Some rocks form from rock particles.
1. Forming and Transporting Rock Particles
2. Forming Loose Sediment into Rocks
B. Some rocks form from plants or shells.
1. Coal
2. Limestone
C. Some rocks form when dissolved minerals
re-form from water.
D. Sedimentary rocks show the action of wind and water.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

22. Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.
3.4
Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.
IV. Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.
metamorphism
A. Heat and pressure change rocks.
recrystallization
B. Metamorphic changes occur over large and small areas.
foliation
1. Change over Large Areas
2. Change over Small Areas
C. Most metamorphic rocks develop bands of minerals.
1. Foliated Rocks
2. Nonfoliated Rocks
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY