1. Modernism 1918-1945

2. Difference between Realism and Modernism  Whereas REALISM Emphasized absolutism, and Believed that a single reality could be determined through the observation of nature  MODERNISM Argued for cultural relativism, And believed that people make their own meaning in the world.

3. Value Differences in the Modern World Pre-Modern WorldModern World (Early 20 th Century) OrderedChaotic MeaningfulFutile OptimisticPessimistic StableFluctuating FaithLoss of faith Morality/ValuesCollapse of Morality/Values Clear Sense of IdentityConfused Sense of Identity and Place in the World

4. World War I:1914 (1917-1918)

5. Social Snapshot of the Times  Result of Political Turmoil Revolutionary Ideologies Rise  Fascism The separation and persecution or denial of equality to a certain group based on race, creed, or origin  Nazism Socialism featuring racism, expansionism and obedience to a strong leader  Communism Control of the means of production should rest in the hands of the laborers.

6. Fascism and Nazism

7. Communism

8. Forces Behind Modernism  The sense that our culture has no center, no values.  Paradigm shift from the closed, finite, measurable, cause- and-effect universe of the 19th century to an open, relativistic, changing, strange universe;

9. Characteristics of Modernism in Literature  Literature Exhibits Perspectivism Meaning comes from the individual’s perspective and is thus personalized; A single story might be told from the perspective of several different people, with the assumption that the “truth” is somewhere in the middle

10. Characteristics of Modernism in Literature  Inner psychological reality or “interiority” is represented o Stream of consciousness—portraying the character’s inner monologue

11. Characteristic of Modernism in Literature  Perception of language changes: No longer seen as transparent, allowing us to “see through” to reality; But now considered the way an individual constructs reality; Language is “thick” with multiple meanings and varied connotative forces.

12. Characteristic of Modernism in Literature  Emphasis on the Experimental Art is artifact rather than reality; Organized non-sequentially  Experience portrayed as layered, allusive, discontinuous, using fragmentation and juxtaposition. Ambiguous endings—open endings which are seen as more representative of reality.

13. Cubism

14. Dadaism Duchamp

15. Surrealism Dali Magritte

16. Jackson Pollock

17. Futurism Giacomo Balla Kandinsky

18. Modernism Timeline  1914: Outbreak of WWI  1917: US enters war, Russian Revolution  1919: WWI ends, Einstein’s Relativity theory confirmed, Prohibition begins

19. Modernism Timeline  1920 League of Nations begins; 19 th Amendment granting women the vote  1923—Charleston craze

20. Modernism Timeline  1925— Image of human face televised Hitler published Mein Kampf  1927 Lindbergh flies solo across Atlantic Al Jolson, first talkie

21. Modernism Timeline  1929—US stock market crashes;  1933 Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany First German concentration camps Prohibition ends in US

22. Modernism Timeline  1934—Hitler becomes dictator  1939 Hitler and Stalin make pact; Germany invades Poland Great Britain and France declare war on Germany

23. Modernism Timeline  1941 Germany invades USSR Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, US enters war  1944—D-Day invasion of France

24. Modernism Timeline  1945 End of war in Europe Atomic bomb dropped on Japan First computer built Microwave oven invented United Nations founded