1. DO NOW Why do we sometimes call the Old Regime the Old World Order? What are the characteristics of an absolute monarch? Who makes up each of the 3 Estates in the Estates System? Why is this unfair?

2. The Enlightenment

3. Home Work Due tomorrow, Sept. 7 Read pgs. 217- 221 in your books Answer Questions 2, 3, 4, 5

4. Essential Questions Who are the bourgeoisie? What was the Enlightenment? Who were the major thinkers of the Enlightenment? What did they believe? What was the relationship between French and American Revolution?

5. Economic Problems The 97% of the population in the Third Estate bore 95% of the tax burden in France Paid taxes on land for forced labor on roads and bridges tax on salt tithe feudal dues These taxes are more than half the amount of money a peasant makes

6. Who makes up that 97% The poor The bourgeoisie which are the middle class trade taxes government restrictions on manufacturing mercantilist regulations on life

7. Bourgeoisie Resent the restrictions on their economy Read Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations Want a policy known as laissez-faire Hands off

8. Philosophy French thinkers lead the way in what is known as the Enlightenment Believed that humans possessed natural rights Society can be improved Question tradition How could they conflict with the Old Regime?

9. Graphic Organizer Make the following chart in your notes: Major ThinkerYears Lived Major WorkBig Ideas Montesquieu Voltaire Diderot Rousseau

10. Montesquieu (1689- 1755)

11. Montesquieu’s Significance Wrote The Spirit of Laws Government needs to be separated into three branches Checks and balances Where do you see Montesquieu’s ideas today?

12. Voltaire (1694-1778)

13. Voltaire’s Life A member of the bourgeois Exiled from France to Britain Wrote Letters on the English Praised Britain’s government and freedoms Attacked France’s censorship “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”

14. Diderot

15. Diderot (1713-1784) Editor of the Encyclopedia Chronicled Old Regime abuses such as: Religious intolerance Unjust taxation Governmental absolutism

16. Historical Analysis Do bad conditions alone make for a revolution? What do you think?

17. Rousseau

18. The Influence of the British and American Revolutions France looks outward and sees England: English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution America: the American Revolution

19. Why America? French Involvement: Lafayette and other French citizens fight for the Americans When they come back they spread the idea of how great America is Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson are two popular diplomats to France