1. Rocks A solid material made up of 1 or more minerals, or other things – including the remains of once-living things.

2. Earth’s rocks are made up of about 20 minerals. A rock can have several minerals or only one.

3. Classify Rocks Color: color of rock depends on the minerals that make it up. Texture: size, shape, arrangement of the grains Large grains – coarse texture Small grains – fine texture

4. Composition: The minerals the rock is made up of –Easier to ID course grained rocks How/where rocks are formed -

5. Classify Rocks 3 Major groups: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

6. 3 Main Types of Rocks

7. http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/igneous.htm Igneous Rock

8. Fire formed Forms when magma or lava cools and hardens –Intrusive –Extrusive

9. Intrusive Igneous Rock Cools and hardens beneath the surface. Coarse grained. Larger mineral crystals. Forms much Continental Crust. Ex: Granite, diorite, pegmatite

10. Extrusive Igneous Rock Forms from Lava on the surface of the Earth. Fine-grained. Small Crystals Cool quickly – Basalt most common Makes up the oceanic crust. Ex: Obsidian, pumice, andesite

11. Granite - Intrusive

12. Obsidian - extrusive

13. Sedimentary Rock http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/sediment.htm

14. Sedimentary Rock Form in places where there was once water Form from sediment that is compacted and cemented together Takes millions of years to form

15. Sediments Particles of rock, minerals or organic material. Sand, gravel, seashells, leaves, dead plants & animals.

16. Weathering - The chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth’s surface. Erosion: wind, water, gravity carries sediments to a new place..

17. Deposition: when the water stops moving and “drops off” the sediments Compaction: slowly the layers of sediment press down on top of other layers

18. . Cementation: when the layers are “stuck” together. Water evaporates, leaving minerals behind which glue the sediments together

19. 3 Types of Sedimentary Rock Clastic Rock: Made up of particles of pre-existing rock Can form from igneous, metamorphic or other sedimentary rocks Ex: sandstone, conglomerate

20. Sandstone Sedimentary, Clastic Rock Sandstone

21. Conglomerate Sedimentary, Clastic Rock Conglomerate

22. Chemical Sedimentary Rock Form due to chemical reaction – Evaporites http://geology.campus.ad.csulb.edu/people/bperry/Sedimentary%20Rocks%20Tour/chemical_sedimentary_rocks.htm http://geology.campus.ad.csulb.edu/people/bperry/Sedimentary%20Rocks%20Tour/chemical_sedimentary_rocks.htm Can occur in oceans, lakes, caves and hot springs. Ex: limestone, halite, calcite

23. Limestone forming Coral Reefs off the coast of China

24. Limestone found in Arizona – Once part of a reef under water

25. Limestone in Guadelupe Mnts in West Texas – 280 million years ago was under water now 8,000 ft above sea level.

26. Sedimentary, Chemical Rock Halite

27. Organic SedimentaryRock Form when organic material – sea shells, dead animals and plant material – is compacted and cemented together Ex: coquina, coal, anthacite

28. Coquina seashellsbymillhill.com 900 × 769 - Made of tiny coquina seashells

29. http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/metamorph.htm Metamorphic Rock

30. Meta – Change Morph - form Original rock – igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic – is changed by intense heat and pressure causing physical or chemical changes

31. Metamorphic Rock Can form when: –rock is deep within earth’s surface – subjected to high temps and pressure of layers above –Tectonic processes – continental plates colliding –Rock is heated by molten magma nearby

32. Metamorphic Rock One type of rock is changed into another type of rock Igneous granite is changed into metamorphic gneiss Sedimentary rock sandstone changes into quartzite

33. Metamorphic Rock 2 Types: foliated and non-foliated –Foliated- banded Examples - Gneiss, schist, slate –Non-foliated – not banded Examples – marble, quartzite

34. Gneiss - foliated

35. Schist - foliated

36. Marble – non-foliated

37. Quartzite – non-foliated

38. What type of rock do I have http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/K12/rkcycle/typeofrock.html Rock cycle real pix and describe steps http://www.open2.net/geologytoolkit/rockcycle_embedded.html Good click and drag animation http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/rock_cycle.htm Pictures of Different Rocks – Rock Picture Gallery http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blrockindex.htm