1. Rocks & The Rock Cycle I.Background Information A. Rock: A mixture of minerals, that make up the Earth’s crust B. Rock Types 

2. a. Igneous Extrusive:* Forms above ground (aka Volcanic)* Cools quickly * Consists of small, fine grains, air, and gas bubbles 1. Igneous: Rock formed by cooling magma or lava

3. b. Igneous Intrusive:* Forms under ground (aka Plutonic)* Slow cooling * Consists of large, coarse grains

4. 2. Sedimentary: Rock formed by compaction and cementation of sediments that were deposited by wind or water. Sediments are fragments of rocks formed from erosion and weathering Often have visible rock fragments, shells and fossils

5. 3. Metamorphic :* Any rock changed by heat & pressure * Foliation  Bands of rock formed by heating and squishing crystals

6. II. The Cycle The process by which one rock changes into another

7. Igneous MetamorphicMagma or Lava Sedimentary Erosion Melting Heat & Pressure Melting Heat & Pressure Erosion Melting Cooling

8. THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH UPPER MANTLE CRUST INNER CORE OUTER CORE LOWER MANTLE III. Inside the Earth

9. A. CRUST 1. AKA…THE LITHOSPHERE 2. 70 KM THICK 3. TWO TYPES:  OCEANIC: DENSE, MADE OF BASALT (EXTRUSIVE)  CONTINENTAL: LESS DENSE, MADE OF GRANITE (INTRUSIVE) B. MANTLE 1. UPPER: 330 KM THICK; HOT, MOVING ROCK (THINK OF SILLY PUTTY) 2. LOWER: 2500 KM THICK; RIGID, DENSE ROCK C. CORE 1. OUTER: 2250 KM THICK, A THICK LIQUID 2. INNER: 1250 KM THICK, A SOLID METAL BALL