1. Westward Experience (or Fun with Dung)

2. #1 What were early frisbees made of? Buffalo Dung

3. #2 Main use for Buffalo Chips? Fuel for fire

5. #3 Why such a hurry to abandon and bury the dead? Progress might be slowed Winter was quickly approaching

6. The weather could slow you down Pending Storm – El Paso, TX

7. Pending Storm – El Paso, TX

9. You have a long way to travel!

16. #4 Why were water/liquor high in price, but not bacon? Limited supply of water/liquor/etc. which drove the price higher Bacon was plentiful

17. #5 What supplies were taken and how were they transported? Bacon Coffee Sugar Salt Wagon used for transportation

18. #6 What types of wheels were best for hard/soft surfaces? Narrow wheels - hard surfaces Wide wheels - soft surfaces

20. #7 Why circle wagons up at night? To corral loose livestock

21. #8 Why did so many explorers get rid of many items as they traveled? To lighten their load and allow them to travel faster

23. #9 How did most of the travelers to the western lands get there? Most walked west (wagons were often overloaded) Some also pulled their own materials with them (Mormons)

26. http://images.usatoday.com/travel/_photos/2005/07/25/mormon-inside.jpg http://www.mormonhistoricsitesfoundation.org/art/iowaCityArticle1.jpg http://www.thefurtrapper.com/images/Handcart%20Covered.jpg Mormon Handcarts Brigham Young decided the easiest, cheapest, and fastest way for large numbers of converts to reach the Salt Lake Valley was to pull their belongings on handcarts. http://www.thefurtrapper.com/martin_handcart.htm

27. #10 What were two types of accidents often resulting in death? Falling under the wheels of the wagons Accidental shootings – many people owning guns for the first time

29. #11 What was the single biggest disease? Cholera

30. What is Cholera? (per the CDC) Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The infection is often mild or without symptoms, but sometimes it can be severe. Approximately one in 20 infected persons has severe disease characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. Without treatment, death can occur within hours. How does a person get cholera? A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. In an epidemic, the source of the contamination is usually the feces of an infected person. The disease can spread rapidly in areas with inadequate treatment of sewage and drinking water.

31. #12 What were two problems crossing rivers? Fears of drowning Cost of ferry

33. #13 What was used for firewood and what two items were at all meals? Buffalo dung Bread and bacon

34. #14 What were relations like w/ Nat. Am. Initially and why did it change? Native Americans were friendly and sociable – often aided the travelers Travelers killed the buffalo (often unnecessarily)

36. #15 What animal was most important to the Nat. Am. and explorers? Buffalo/Bison – every part of the animal was used by the Native Americans Note: Bison is the proper name for this N. American animal

37. Bison/Buffalo

39. #16 Oxen v. Horses to pull wagons Oxen were strong, could live off grass/sage found along the way, and were less expensive to purchase

40. #16 cont., Mules v. Horses Advantage of mules over horses: faster/live off prairie grasses Disadvantage of mules over horses: cantankerous beasts

41. #17 Three conclusions about traveling West Opinion question... What do you think? One last thing... How would you like to live in this?

42. Mr. & Mrs. David Vincent and daughter, Martha, by their sod house near White River, South Dakota

43. Sod Tough layer of prairie sod. The turf is held together for a depth of about a foot. The durability of the sod layer prevents erosion from taking place at the same rate as on the deposits below it.

44. Sod Houses - Interior

46. Imagine the isolation felt by the homesteaders!