1. Texas History Chapter 3 Section 3 Pueblo and Plains Cultures

2. JJumanos (hoo*MAH*nohz) ◦T◦Traded and hunted bison throughout present day Texas, New Mexico, northern Mexico. ◦L◦Lived in Mountains and Basins which is present day cities of El Paso, Alpine; the Guadalupe Mtns., Davis Mtns., Chisos Mtns. ◦H◦Homes made of -ADOBE sundried mud, clay and straw. ◦D◦Depended on Farming and trading; but eventually they died off because farming in west Texas was very difficult, ◦A◦Acted as Middlemen - or go betweens, for eastern farming tribes, such as the Caddos, and the western Pueblo people who lived in cities built on the sides of cliffs. ◦E◦Eventually died off because farming was difficult in Western Plains. ◦A◦Another distinctive trait of the tribe was that they had jewelry made of hair, and both men and women wore the jewelry.

3.  Homes made of sundried mud, clay and straw—  Adobe  Or go betweens; for eastern farming tribes to west pueblo natives that lived in cities—  Middlemen  What region of Texas did the Jumanos inhabit?  Mtns. And basins

4.  Closely linked to the Jumanos; did more hunting than farming; little is known about them. Part of the Pueblo Culture.

5.  Comanche- lived in great/high plains which is present day Amarillo, Lubbock, Permian Basin; and Edwards Plateau. Inhabited a vast land from early 1700s- late 1800s was referred to as the Comencheria. Covered parts Mexico, Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado and New Mexico. Hunting and war two main activities in Comanches life. -war like -nomadic hunters -depended on buffalo -traded and friendly Reservation life in Oaklahoma P Tribes

6.  Apaches- 2 groups lived in Mtns./Basins, present day El Paso, Alpine, Guadalupe Peak  Lipan- ◦ Planted and farmed ◦ Lived on farming settlements ◦ Hunted and gathered ◦ Not friendly ◦ Traded little ◦ Spoke Athapaskan- Mescalero- lived in west mtn. region depended less on buffalo settled mostly in mtn. villages Apaches live on reservations in New Mexico

7.  What were the two main activities in the Comanche's life?  Hunting and war  How many groups made up the Apaches tribe? What are the names?  2-Lipan and Mescalrero  Are there any descendents of the Apaches living today, and if yes where?  Yes, in New Mexico

8.  Tonkawas- ◦ Arrived in early 1600s; lived on southeastern edge of Edwards Plateau-present day Austin ◦ Depended on buffalo for food and clothing ◦ Big on agriculture ( farm and farm animals) ◦ Fish, deer, birds, rabbits rattlesnakes, and turtles ◦ Survived despite hardships

9. Kiowas- Shared the plains with Comanches Allies with comanches nomadic hunting to survive elk, antelope, deer and bear Dried buffalo meat- jerky Annual Sun dance- prevent sickness and disasters Shamans Culture eventually died off

10.  One advantage humans had over animals they hunted was that humans had weapons.  Farming changed the way people lived because it led to more complex societies.  Europeans learned many things from the Natives– how to cultivate plants; how to hunt native animals; and how to prepare new food.

11.  Tonkawas depended on what for food and clothing?  Buffalo  One advantage humans had over animals they hunted?  Weapons  Kiowas inhabited what part of Texas?  Plains  Tonkawas were big on—  Farming

292.  Traded agricultural products- corn, squash, beans- for animal skins and meat.  Distinctive tattoos- stripes on face  Men cut their hair short except for one long lock in which they would tie feathers into.