1. 8th Grade Social Studies
The American Nation
Chapter 3- Section 2
Spain Builds an Empire
8th Grade Social Studies
Honors
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

2. Day 1
Setting the scene

3. What is the difference between a Conqueror and an Explorer???
Conqueror/ Conquistador
Explorer
Examples:

4. Previewing the Section – Spain Builds an Empire
On the back of the vocabulary worksheet, write down 1 teacher-type questions (essential).
Switch with a partner and have your partner share with the class.
Share questions and answers with the class.
What do you think you must know for the test????

5. Spain Builds an Empire Goals to learn:
Chapter 3, Section 2
Goals to learn:
- How did conquistadors defeat two Indian empires?
- What areas did the Spanish explore?
- How did Spain settle and organize its colonies?
- What was life like for Native Americans under Spanish rule?

6. Reading the Chapter 3 – Section 2
Read Chapter 3 – Section 2 (pp.74-80)
Complete the vocabulary worksheet
Identify important people on the VIP worksheet.
Finish for homework

7. Goal: To describe how conquistadors defeated two Indian empire.
Day 2
Goal: To describe how conquistadors defeated two Indian empire.

8. Check vocabulary worksheet
In teams you will put the puzzle together using your vocabulary worksheet. Hand me your envelope when you are finished.
Prizes for teams:
1st place – 3 history bucks
2nd place – 2 history bucks
3rd place – 1 history buck
Check the correct answers.

9. Activating Prior Knowledge – Brainstorm
What do you know about the way of life for the Aztecs and Incas?
Aztecs
Incas

10. How did conquistadors defeat two Indian empires?
Francisco Pizarro
Hernando Cortes
How did conquistadors defeat two Indian empires?
Montezuma II

11. B. 1519 - Hernando Cortes conquers Montezuma and the Aztecs
I.Spanish Conquistadors Defeated the Aztecs and Incas CHECK THE VIP SHEET
Chapter 3, Section 2
A. Agreement between Spain and conquistadors (conquerors) – fund the establish of a settlement in return for 1/5 of gold/treasure captured
B Hernando Cortes conquers Montezuma and the Aztecs
C Francisco Pizarro conquered Atahualpa and the Incas.

12. Hernando Cortes and the Aztecs
Hernando Cortes was a Spanish conquistador who landed in Mexico in 1519.

13. The Aztec emperor was named Moctezuma
The Aztec emperor was named Moctezuma. (commonly referred to as Montezuma)

14. The Aztecs thought that he was a God and sent him gifts.

15. Cortes led the Spaniards and their Native American allies to the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan.

16. Outnumbered, hundreds of Spaniards were killed in 1519.

17. In 1521, Cortes defeated the Aztecs, and Tenochtitlan was renamed Mexico City, which today is the capital of Mexico.

18. Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan
Mexican capital of Mexico City

19. How did Cortes defeat the Aztecs?
The Spaniards had superior technology, such as guns and cannons. The Spanish also used horses.

20. Smallpox killed hundreds of Aztecs.
Aztec drawing representing patients affected by smallpox at different stages.

21. The Aztecs wrongfully believed that Cortes was a God.

22. The Spaniards had Native American allies on their side.
The final conquest of Tenochtitlan by Cortes and his allies.

23. Cortes and the Fall of the Aztecs (7:56)***

24. Francisco Pizarro and the Incas
Francisco Pizarro was the Spanish conquistador that attacked the Incan Empire in 1532.

25. Pizarro attempted, unsuccessfully, to get the Incan ruler, Atahualpa, to convert to Christianity.

26. After his capture, Atahualpa gave gold and silver to the Spanish in return for his freedom.
After his capture, Atahualpa offered the Spanish a room filled with gold up to where his arm reached, and two more with silver in exchange for his release.

27. Atahualpa was killed after the Spanish received their riches.
Atahualpa was declared a heretic for refusing to recognize Christ's faith and for proclaiming himself Son of the Sun. Atahualpa was sentenced to be burned at the stake, against the wishes of Pizarro.

28. Pizarro then founded the city of Lima, which today is the capital of Peru.
Statue of Francisco Pizarro, Plaza de Armas, Lima, Peru

29. Coffin of Francisco Pizarro, the Tomb of the Conquistador, the Cathedral, Plaza Mayor, Lima, Peru

30. Pizarro and the fall of the Incas (6:40)***

31. II. Reasons for Spanish Victories
A. Spanish conquistadors had better military equipment.
B. Soldiers on horseback scared the Native Americans
C. Native American fighters held back.
1. Aztecs thought Spaniards might be gods.
2. Incas were just getting over a war.
D. Many Indians died from disease (small pox, measles and influenza.)

32. Day 2 - Closure
Exit Ticket/Homework: Pretend you are a journalist reporting on the Spanish conquest reporting why the Conquistadors were able to defeat the Aztecs and Incas.
Your task is to write a 2 paragraph summary of reporting on the Spanish conquest of Cortes and Pizzaro. A paragraph should be devoted to each of the explorers.
Focus on 5 Ws.
Should explain why Conquistadors were able to defeat the Aztecs and Incas.
This is worth 10 points and will be collected tomorrow.

33. Goal: Name the areas the Spanish explored.
Day 3
Goal: Name the areas the Spanish explored.

34. Day 3 – Opening – Reviewing Spanish Conquistadors
Using your notes from yesterday and Chapter 3 – Section 2, answer questions #1 and #2 on Guided Reading and Review questions.
Discuss the answers to the questions. Where did you find this information?

35. What areas did the Spanish explore?

36. III. Exploring the Spanish Borderlines CHECK VIP SHEET
Spanish borderlines = present-day Florida to California
Juan Ponce de Leon (1513) – searched for fountain of youth in Florida
Hernando De Soto ( ) – explored Florida and Southeast U.S.; explored Mississippi River
Francisco Coronado (1540) – searching for the “seven cities of gold” in southwest U.S.

37. Ponce De Leon (2:50)***

38. Cabeza Da Vaca, and Coronado (3:13)***

39. Hernando De Soto (2:14)***

40. Mapping Spanish Exploration
Use maps in Chapter 3 – Section 1 and 2, especially the one on page 76 to complete the map activity.
Finish it for homework.

41. Day 4 Goals: Explain how Spain settled its colonies.
Summarize what life was like for Native Americans under Spanish rule.

42. Day 4 – Opening Check Spanish Explorers Map with partners.
Answer #5, 6, and 7 questions on Guided Reading and Review.
Class Discussion of answers

43. How did Spain settle and organize its colonies?

44. The Spanish Explored Vast Areas of North and South America.
Chapter 3, Section 2
Label Viceroyalties on Spanish Explorer map

45. IV. How Spain Organized Its Colonies Answer #5 and 6 from Guided Reading Questions
Chapter 3, Section 2
A – Viceroys were put in charge of ruling a region in New Spain or Peru = Spanish settlement in the new world
B. Spain’s Laws of the Indies set up three kinds of settlements:
1. Pueblos — towns, centers of farming and trade
2. Presidios—forts where soldiers lived
3. Missions—religious settlements run by priests and friars (El Paso, Texas [1659])
C. Blend of Spanish and Indian cultures

46. V. Four Strict Social Classes
Chapter 3, Section 2
Peninsulares – born in Spain; held highest jobs in government and Church
Creoles – born in Americas to Spanish parents;
wealthy, educated, could not hold jobs of peninsulares.
Mestizos – people with mixed Spanish and Indian background; laborers
Indians – lowest class treated as conquered people; poverty

47. What was life like for Native Americans under Spanish rule?

48. B. The Spanish forced many Indians to work in gold and silver mines.
VI. Native Americans Led a Harsh Life – Answer # 7 from guided reading questions.
Chapter 3, Section 2
Spanish settlers with encomiendas, a kind of land grant, could demand labor or taxes from Indians.
B. The Spanish forced many Indians to work in gold and silver mines.
C. Many Indian laborers died working on plantations, or large estates that were farmed by many workers. (Bartolome de Las Casas’ protests)
D. The Spanish replaced Indian laborers with enslaved Africans.

49. The Atlantic Slave Trade

50. Tying it all together
Work with a partner to create a concept web on the Spanish Empire.
Share discussion with the class.

51. Exploration and Colonization (2:35)***

52. Activity - What was life like in New Spain???
In groups, you will need to write a story explaining life in New Spain. Remember to include the content from the textbook.
One person will start the story and then pass it to another person and they will write a sentence and so on.
We will share the stories.
This is worth 10 points (5 points for the story and 5 points for teamwork and effective use of class time).

53. Day 4 - Closure
Exit Ticket: Write the letter and the name on an index card.
Which country was the first to conquer, explore, and colonize The New World?
A. England
Spain
France
China
Homework: Review on Chapter 3 – Section 2 guided to essential.

54. Section 2 Review
Chapter 3, Section 2
What was one problem Native Americans did not have under Spain’s rule?
a) poverty
b) disease
c) shortage of work
d) harsh treatment
What three kinds of settlements did the Laws of the Indies call for?
a) peninsulares, creoles, and mestizos
b) pueblos, presidios, and missions
c) encomiendas, estates, and plantations
d) viceroyalty of New Spain, viceroyalty of Peru, viceroyalty of the West Indies
Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.

55. Section 2 Review
Chapter 3, Section 2
What was one problem Native Americans did not have under Spain’s rule?
a) poverty
b) disease
c) shortage of work
d) harsh treatment
What three kinds of settlements did the Laws of the Indies call for?
a) peninsulares, creoles, and mestizos
b) pueblos, presidios, and missions
c) encomiendas, estates, and plantations
d) viceroyalty of New Spain, viceroyalty of Peru, viceroyalty of the West Indies
Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.