1. © 2009 abcteach.com 15.4 secession and war  Objectives: At the end of the lesson each student must be able to  Describe how the 1860 election led to the breakup of the union  Explain why secession led to outbreak of the Civil war

2. © 2009 abcteach.com 15.4 secession and war  Points in time  1860 – Lincoln is elected president; south Carolina secedes  1861(February) – Southern states form the Confederates States of America  1861(April) – Confederates Forces attacks Fort Sumter; civil war begins

3. © 2009 abcteach.com  Democrats (Loyalists) – Stephen A. Douglas; popular sovereignty  Democrats (Southern) – John Breckinridge; neither congress nor territorial legislature…  Republicans – Lincoln; Slavery is illegal in any territory  Constitutional Union Party – John Bell; no stand on slavery Election of 1860

4. © 2009 abcteach.com  Lincoln won; 180 of 303 electoral votes, 40% popular vote, swept N states  Douglas; 30% popular vote, won Mo and 3 out 7 electoral votes from NJ  Breckinridge swept the southern states  Bell took most border states Election of 1860

5. © 2009 abcteach.com  December 20, 1860, South Carolina voted to secede  secession – withdrawal from the union  Sen. John Crittenden, KY; proposed to protect slavery south of the 36° 30’ N latitude  Republicans called it unacceptable  Southern leaders rejected the plan The south secedes

6. © 2009 abcteach.com  February 1 st, 1861; SC, LA, TX, MS, AL, FL, GA, formed the CSA  Sen Jefferson Davis, MS - chosen president  cited the “states right” as justification to the secession  Nat’l government’s refusal to enforce the FSA; denial of equal rights in the territories for the southern states The confederacy

7. © 2009 abcteach.com  Many Southerners welcomed it  Some southerners were alarmed  Robert E. Lee; “ I see only that a fearful calamity is upon us.”  Some Northern abolitionists; “Let them leave in peace.”  Most Northerners; “The union must be preserved.” reaction to secession

8. © 2009 abcteach.com  Lincoln; in a free government does the minority have the right to breakup the government whenever they choose reaction to secession

9. © 2009 abcteach.com  December, 1860; Buchanan; “The southern states had no right to secede.” But I have no right to stop them from doing so.”  Lincoln; “The president’s duty is to enforce the law to preserve the gov’t.”; warns, no state can lawfully get out of the union Presidential Responses

10. © 2009 abcteach.com  March 4, 1861, Lincoln was inaugurated  Secession not permissible; will hold federal property in the south; will enforce the laws of the US  Pleaded for reconciliation with the south Presidential Responses

11. © 2009 abcteach.com  Fort guarding the Charleston Harbor  Confederate soldiers demands its surrender  Lincoln to Gov Francis Pickens; an unarmed expedition with supplies for the fort.  April 12,1861, Jefferson Davis and his advisers ordered Confederate forces to attack Fort Sumter Fort Sumter

12. © 2009 abcteach.com  Union Capt. Abner Doubleday, a witness of the attack  Held out for 36 hours; surrendered April 14  Lincoln called for 75,000 troops  VA, NC, TN, AR, voted to join the Confederacy  Civil war began Fort Sumter