1. 1 Sidevõrgud IRT 0020 loeng 723. okt. 2006 Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool raadio- ja sidetehnika instituut avots@lr.ttu.ee

2. 2 Market End-Users Content and Service Providers Service operators/ Telecommunications Networking Solutions Physical Telecommunication Network

3. 3 Equipment in the access network ISDN connection example: 30B+D (2.048 Mb/s) Twisted pair - connections Private Branch Exchange Multiplexer On-line subscriber with several telephones Business subscriber Wireless access (or radio access point) Distribution point Cross connection point ISDN 2B+D 144 kb/s Q.512 specifies exchange interfaces ADSL modem DSLAM

4. 4 Exchange interfaces and tasks, V5 Between access network and exchange 2048 kbit/s basic rate Specifies basic interfaces for –Analog access –ISDN-access Electrical interface G.703 Channel control and signaling V5 supports interface rates 2048 kbit/s … 8448 kbit/s

5. 5 Analog local loop interface per trunk signaling in local loop: - long setup time - hacking easy - voice grade circuits - interference & cross-talk sensitive - expensive Analog-line Digital-lines to ISDN central office Loop current used for signaling & message

6. 6 Basic telephone terminal A basic phone can be made by using just four units –The bell –The hook switch –The keypad –The speech circuit Modern keypads use dual-tone dialing The speech circuit adapts voice levels and isolates mic and speaker

7. 7 Hybrid-circuit 4-wire connection is used between exchanges and 2-wire connections from exchange to subscribers Two-wire

8. 8

9. 9 Traffic Classes Traffic classCharacteristicsExample application ConversationalPreserve time relation between information entities of the stream. Conversational pattern (stringent and low delay) Speech Video calls StreamingPreserve time relation between information entities of the stream. Real-time streaming video InteractiveRequest-response pattern. Preserve payload content. Web browsing BackgroundDestination is not expecting the data within a certain time. Preserve payload content. E-mail File downloading Demanding Delay Jitter Demanding Bit rate Jitter Tolerant Delay and bit rate can vary Integrity Easiest Delay and bit rate can vary Integrity

10. 10 Kõnekvaliteedi kategooriad

11. 11 Architecture Access Network CS Domain PS Domain Internet PSTN IMS

12. 12 Network performance RNC 3G GGSN 3G SGSN Application server Node B UTRANCore nwExternal nw E2E service quality, QoE Performance statistics from application server Network statistics from different counters and interfaces Customer feedback Network Performance Monitoring  Optimisation

13. 13 Voogude ja koormuse teke –HDTV: SMPTE 260/274295/296M: 198 MB/s 1920 x 1080 (2640 x 1125), 10 Bit 4:2:2 YCbCr, 25FPS –Cinema today: 2048 x 2048, 14 Bit RGB, 24 FPS: ~4 GB/s –Cinema tomorrow: 4096 x 4096, 14 Bit RGB, 24 FPS: ~ 16 GB/s

14. 14 History

15. 15 CPU Consumption of H.264 Use large amount of computation to achieve high quality, reliability and compression ratio –Intra/inter frame prediction: ~60% –Integer transform: ~10% –Error resilience: ~20% –De-blocking filter: ~10% For current home PC users, realtime software decoding (HDTV quality) could be achieved, but not encoding (~10x of MPEG-2 ’ s CPU consumption)

16. 16 Impending Topics on H.264 1/8 sample accurate compensation Scalable video coding Wavelet coding (eg. DWT replace DCT) Effective rate control algorithm Motion-compensated temporal filtering Spatial up-sampling prediction Progressively-refined quantization Power efficient encoder on mobile devices (DC, Cell phone) Much more…

17. 17 Applications HD DVD Video (DVDForum); Blu-ray Disk (BDA) (High Profiles: mandatory) DVB in Europe, DMB in Korea, ISDB-T in Japan Direct broadcast satellite TV (multi-region) 3GPP (optional feature) IETF: RFC3984 for RTP ITU-T: H.32x (in production) VoD

18. 18 Block Diagram System BUS 8MB SDRAM SDRAM I/F Display I/F In/Post- Loop Filter 4x4/8x8 IDCT + Syntax Parser Line-Pixel-Lookahead Slice Pixel SRAM Entropy Decoder Intra, Inter Prediction Display Engine

19. 19 Measured Results Core power dissipationMPEG-2H.264/AVC 1.8V Core 1080HD@100MHz89.46mW102.3mW 720HD@45MHz41.76mW48.24mW D1@16.6MHz15.60mW18.54mW CIF@4.6MHz4.68mW4.86mW QCIF@1.15MHz0.194mW0.225mW 1.0V Core QCIF@1.15MHz0.108mW0.125mW Power Measurement

20. 20 Results Power Measurement Max. working freq. (MHz) 1.81.61.41.21.0 (V) 225  W 125  W QCIF@15fps 1.15MHz 1.81.61.41.21.0 (V) 112MHz H.264 Core Power (  W) 31MHz

21. 21 Lingid www.teo.lt http://www.vcodex.com http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/index.html http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/ http://tree.celinuxforum.org/ http://www.mythtv.org/ http://www.m4if.org/ http://www.sysmaster.com/products/set_top_box.php http://www.cyberlink.com/multi/products/mai n_43_ENU.html