1. GIRDING FOR WAR: The North and the South
A.P. American History
Chapter 20

3. South Carolina Assails Ft.Sumter
By the time Lincoln took office, March 4th, 1861, 7 states had already departed and 8 more were teetering
Lincoln’s inaugural address- Pg. 418

4. South Carolina Assails Ft.Sumter
The South seized all federal forts, arsenals, and ports.
Ft. Sumter remained in federal hands- Explain- pg
April, 15th- Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 volunteers- 90 day enlistment
April 19th- Union blockaded southern ports
Southern response- 4 more states seceded- Virginia, Ark., Tenn., and N.C.

5. THE BORDER STATES
Border States- Slave states that did not secede from the Union- Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware
Border states had a vast white majority
Double the manufacturing of the other slave states.
Ohio River was the northern border- important transportation route.
Lincoln- “I hope I have God on my side, but I must have Kentucky.”

6. THE BORDER STATES

7. THE BORDER STATES
Lincoln used some harsh measures to keep the border states in the Union
Maryland- Declared martial law, threw hundreds of people into jail without trial or charges.
West Virginia and Missouri- Stationed a large number of troops.
Lincoln could not declare the Civil War a war against slavery, did not want to upset the border states. (Butternut region of Ohio)
Reason for the war was to save the Union (page )

8. “BILLY YANK- JOHNNY REB”
Many northern volunteers from southern states.
Mt whites- 50,000
300,000 from the South
Many southern volunteers from northern states
Many border states provided thousands of troops to the south
Split families

9. BALANCE OF FORCES SOUTH NORTH ¾ of nations wealth ¾ of Railroad lines
Fighting a defensive war
North had to invade and conquer
Fighting on their own soil-their way of life
Strong morale
Most talented officers
Southern man was an excellent soldier
Taken over northern forts and armories
Few industries
Severe shortages
Lack of transportation
Population of 9 million
NORTH
¾ of nations wealth
¾ of Railroad lines
Large navy controlled the sea
Blockade
Trade with Europe
Population of 22 million
Immigration continued
Not prepared to fight
Poor leaders
Page 425

10. DETHRONING KING COTTON
The South counted on foreign support
Aristocratic classes of Europe were sympathetic to the South
Working people of Europe supported the North
Southern cotton producers felt that the British textile companies were dependent on southern cotton
Why were they wrong (Pg 426)

11. LIMITATIONS OF WARTIME LIBERTIES
The Decisiveness of Diplomacy- 427
Foreign Flare-ups
Read on your own
President Davis vs. President Lincoln
LIMITATIONS OF WARTIME INDUSTRIES
Lincoln took questionable constitutional actions
Proclaimed a blockade w/o congressional approval
Increased the size of the military w/o congressional approval
Suspended Writs of Habeas Corpus for Anti-Unionists
Pg 429

12. Volunteers and Draftees
NORTH
Volunteer army, based on states population
1663- Congress passed a federal conscription (draft)
Hire substitute- $300
N.Y. Draft Riots
More than 90% of Union troops were volunteers
Bounties and Bounty Jumpers

13. Volunteers and Draftees
SOUTH
Relied on volunteers
1862- Conscription in the South (draft)
Substitute Provision
Slave owners of 20+ were exempt
Rich man’s war and poor man’s fight

14. Economic Stresses of War
NORTH
Financing the war
Excise tax on tobacco and alcohol
Income Tax- 1st time in American history
Increase in Tariff revenues-some protective tariffs
Printing of paper money-Greenbacks-Inflation
Selling of war bonds
SOUTH
Financing the war
Little tariff income- Blockade
Selling of war bonds
Because the states were supreme, the Federal government was blocked from raising taxes too much
Printing of paper money- Fantastic Inflation-9,000%

16. The North’s Economic Boom
Read Page 432
Labor saving devices enabled the North to expand economically
Sewing machine
Mechanical Reapers and farm machinery
Discovery of oil- A whole new industry

17. WOMEN AND WAR Women took male jobs- More opportunities Factory Jobs
Govt. Jobs
400 women posed as men and fought
Worked as spies
Elizabeth Blackwell- U.S. Sanitation Commission
Clara Barton- Dorthea Dix
Pages 433
A Crushed Cotton Kingdom- Page 433