1. ROAD TO CIVIL WAR MISSOURI COMPROMISE WHAT WAS THE CONCERN ABOUT ADMITTING MISSOURI AS A STATE? THE BALANCE BETWEEN SLAVE AND FREE STATES IN THE SENATE WOULD BE BROKEN HOW WAS THE ISSUE DECIDED? MISSOURI WAS ADDED AS A SLAVE STATE AND MAINE WAS ADDED AS A FREE STATE HOW WAS THE QUESTION OF SLAVERY TO BE DECIDED IN THE FUTURE? THE SOUTHERN BORDER OF MISSOURI BECAME THE DIVIDING LINE. SLAVERY WOULD BE LEGAL IN TERRITORIES SOUTH OF THE LINE BUT WOULD BE EXCLUDED ABOVE THE LIE.

3. COMPROMISE OF 1850 WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF CALIFORNIA WERE TO BE ADMITTED AS A STATE? IT WOULD UPSET THE BALANCE BETWEEN FREE AND SLAVE STATES IN THE SENATE WHAT HAPPENED TO CALIFORNIA? IT WAS ADMITTED AS A FREE STATE WHAT DID THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW DO? PUNISHED ANYONE WHO TRIED TO STOP A SLAVE OWNER FROM RECOVERING A RUNAWAY SLAVE

7. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT UNDER POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY HOW WOULD THE QUESTION OF SLAVERY IN NEW TERRITORIES BE DECIDED? THE PEOPLE IN THE STATE WOULD VOTE WHETHER OR NOT TO PERMIT SLAVERY WHAT CAUSED SUCH VIOLENCE TO ERUPT IN KANSAS? NORTHERNERS AND SOUTHERNERS SENT GROUPS INTO KANSAS TO VOTE ON THE SLAVERY ISSUE

9. DRED SCOTT DECISION WHY DOES DRED SCOTT FEEL HE SHOULD BE GIVEN HIS FREEDOM? HIS MASTER HAD MOVED WITH HIM TO A FREE TERRITORY WHERE SLAVERY WAS NOT ALLOWED WHY DID THE COURT RULE AGAINST DRED SCOTT? HE WAS NOT A CITIZEN AND COULD NOT FILE A LAW SUIT WHAT DID THE COURT SAY ABOUT CONGRESS’ POWER OVER SLAVERY? CONGRESS COULD NOT END SLAVERY ANYWHERE SINCE THE RIGHT TO PROPERTY WAS GUARANTEED IN THE CONSTITUTION HOW DID THE ABOLITIONISTS REACT TO THE RULING? THEY WERE ANGRY THAT THE COURT HAD NOT FREED A SLAVE WHEN IT HAD THE CHANCE

10. Dred Scott

11. UNCLE TOMS CABIN was an anti-slavery book written by Harriett Beecher Stowe. Southerners denounced the book as full of MICONCEPTIONS about slavery “Scenes of blood and cruelty are shocking to our ear and heart.”

12. NULLIFICATION CRISIS A PROTECTIVE TARIFF is designed to raise taxes on IMPORTED goods in order to make them more expensive than goods produced in the United States. This would benefit NORTHERN MANUFACTURERS. The tariff, however, would raise the price of imported goods that South Carolinians would have to buy from the north or from overseas. Therefore, Southerners OBJECTED to the tariff.

13. When Congress passed the Tariff of 1824, Vice-President JOHN C. CALHOUN, of South Carolina, argued that a state could NULLIFY, or refuse to obey the law. This theory is part of an idea called STATES RIGHTS. John C. Calhoun is considered THE FATHER OF STATES RIGHTS

16. In 1832 Congress passed an extremely high tariff. Angry Southerners called it the TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS. South Carolina called a meeting and voted to NULLIFY the tariff. Calhoun resigned as Vice-President to enter the Senate where he argued against the tariff and for nullification.

17. President ANDREW JACKSON, also from South Carolina, condemned his state for refusing to obey federal law saying “NULLIFICATION IS TREASON”. He urged Congress to pass the FORCE BILL authorizing the use of the military to collect the tariff in South Carolina.

19. Andrew Jackson – “Our Federal Union – it must be preserved! John C. Calhoun – “The Union…next to our liberty most dear.”

21. Congress finally lowered the tariff and the controversy was solved….but the idea of STATES RIGHTS was expanded to include the idea that not only could a state nullify federal laws but they could also SECEDE, or leave the Union if they believed their rights were not being protected.

22. THREE VIEWS ON SECESSION UNIONISTS - the state should stay in the Union and try to work out their differences. COOPERATIONISTS - secession should be a last resort and ONLY if other states seceded with South Carolina SECESSIONISTS (also known as FIRE- EATERS) – secession was the only answer for SC and should be done immediately.

23. ELECTION OF 1860 ABRAHAM LINCOLN, a Republican, was elected president in 1860. Fearful that Lincoln and his government would abolish slavery, South Carolina adopted the ORDINANCE OF SECESSION and left the Union. Six other southern states soon followed and formed a new nation, THE CONFEDEATE STATES OF AMERICA