1. The Civil War
Chapter 1
Lessons 1-4

2. North and South Grow Apart Lesson 1, pp. 54-57
Differences between the North and South led to growing tensions between the two regions…
The North and South were very different geographically
Southerners – mostly rural way of life, working on farms and living in small towns
Northerners – urban way of life, some still lived on farms but many lived in large towns and cities and worked in factories
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In 1846, Congress passed a law lowering tariffs (taxes) on goods imported from other countries. This made Northerners angry. They wanted high tariffs on imported goods. WHY??

3. Differences North v. South
Northerners believed higher tariffs (taxes) on imported goods would encourage Americans to buy manufactured goods from the North.
The South wanted lower tariffs because they preferred buying cheaper goods from Great Britain.
These differences led to…
SECTIONALISM – a loyalty to a section or part of the country rather than the whole country.

4. Slavery in the South
Another important difference between the North and South was slavery.
Southern states depended on slavery, where enslaved people grew crops such as cotton, tobacco, and rice.
By 1860 there were almost 4 million enslaved African Americans living and working in the South.
By 1850 most Northern states had outlawed slavery.
However, African Americans were discriminated against throughout the country. In the North they were paid very low wages and were not allowed the same voting rights as whites.

5. Different Views on Slavery
Why do you think that most Northern states had outlawed slavery by 1850?

6. The North and South differed
Mostly city life
Wanted higher tariffs
Fewer enslaved people
The North and South differed
Mostly farming life
Wanted lower tariffs
Many more enslaved people growing crops

7. The Struggle over Slavery
Lesson 3 pp
The Struggle over Slavery

8. The Missouri Compromise…
kept the balance between free and slave states
Free state - a state in which slavery WAS NOT allowed.
Slave state – a state in which slavery WAS allowed
The Missouri Compromise established a line of latitude north of which slavery would not be allowed and south of which slavery would be allowed.
(see map on page 67)
Lesson 3
Main Idea:
Despite attempts to compromise, the struggle over slavery threatened to tear the United States apart.

9. Attempts to Compromise
The Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act
California became a free state (North)
In return, the Fugitive Slave Law was passed (South), stating that escaped slaves had to be returned to their owner.
This was a temporary fix not a solution to the dispute over slavery.
Stephen Douglas of Illinois suggested splitting Nebraska into two territories and allowing people of each territory to decide if they wanted a free or slave state.
Majority would decide.
This was called the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Instead of solving the problem this act led to violence.

10. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry of 1859
A Divided Country- Other events leading to the split between the North and South.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
By Harriet Beecher Stowe
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry of 1859
The novel described the cruelties of slavery.
300,0o0 copies sold the first year
Brought many followers to the abolitionist movement.
Abolitionist
Planned to attack slave owners in Virginia
Brown and 21 other men raided an army’s arsenal in Harper’s Ferry to steal weapons for their planned attack.
They were caught, many killed and Brown was later hanged for his role.

11. Lincoln is elected President
In 1860 Lincoln won the presidential election, without support from the south.

12. Lincoln is Elected President
Southerners feared…
Lincoln…
Lincoln would attempt to end slavery.
They would have no voice in the government.
Wanted the nation to remain united
Said, “We (North and South) must not be enemies”.
Many believed the time for compromise had passed.

13. States secede from the Union
Two months after Lincoln was elected President, South Carolina seceded from the Union.
Secede – break away from the United states
On February 1, 1861, six more states seceded from the Union.
On February 8, they formed their own government called the Confederate States.
The Confederate states supported states’ rights and slavery.
Jefferson Davis was elected the President of the Confederate states.

14. Southern states secede
By the time Lincoln is inaugurated on March 4, 1861, the Confederacy had taken control of most of the forts and military property of the United States in the South.
States remaining loyal to the United States government were called the UNION.
One Southern fort still under Union control was Fort Sumter.

15. The Battle at Fort Sumter begins the Civil War.
South Carolina
Reasons for fighting
Confederate troops began firing on Fort Sumter on April 12, Union troops surrendered and left the fort. Lincoln called for troops in response to this attack. 4 more Southern states seceded as a result.
Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union. Other Northerners wanted to end slavery.
Southerners fought to preserve states’ right and slavery as well as their way of life.