1. The Civil War and Reconstruction Grade 4 Social Studies Unit 8 Lesson 2 ©2012, TESCCC Grade 4 Unit 8, Lesson 2

2. Civil War: 1861-1865 ©2012, TESCCC Union General Ulysses S. Grant Confederate General Robert E. Lee

3. Civil War: Social Impact Political Impact Economic Impact Turn and Talk with a partner What do the terms Political, Economic, and Social mean? ©2012, TESCCC

4. Civil War: The Civil War and Reconstruction had great impact on Texas: Political Economic Social ©2012, TESCCC

5. Civil War: Political Impact: having to do with the structures and affairs of government, politics and its institutions, or politicians ©2012, TESCCC

6. Civil War: Economic Impact having to do with the production, development, and management of material wealth of a country, household, or business enterprise ©2012, TESCCC

7. Civil War: Social Impact having to do with the way people live together in communities ©2012, TESCCC

8. Civil War Federal Government Northern States Southern States TEXAS Remember our story about Pretendville ISD showing us the difference between the Federal Government and States’ Rights ©2012, TESCCC

9. The Federal Government (U.S. government governs all the states) wanted to abolish slavery Federal Government Civil War: 1861-1865 ©2012, TESCCC

10. The Northern States agreed with the Federal Government and wanted to abolish slavery. Their economy was based on industry and did not rely on slavery. Very few families owned slaves. The Northern States formed the Union. Civil War: 1861-1865 Northern States The Union ©2012, TESCCC

11. The Southern States did not agree with the Federal Government. They believed in STATES’ RIGHTS (states making laws for themselves and not being told what to do by the Federal Government). Their economy was based on agriculture (farming and raising livestock) and relied heavily on slavery. Many plantation owners used slaves to work in their homes and fields. Civil War: 1861-1865 The Confederacy ©2012, TESCCC

12. The Southern States, including Texas, SECEDED (pulled out of) the United States in 1861. The Southern states formed the CONFEDERACY (states have more power than the Federal Government). Civil War: 1861-1865 The Confederacy ©2012, TESCCC

13. Texas gave reasons for joining the Confederacy: Texas supported its "sister slave- holding States.” The Federal government had not been helping Texas prevent Indian attacks, slave-stealing raids, and other acts of banditry in Texas. Texas economy depended on slavery. Civil War: 1861-1865 The Confederacy ©2012, TESCCC

14. Texas Governor, Sam Houston, did not agree with secession from the union and was removed after Texans voted overwhelmingly to secede in February of 1861. Civil War: 1861-1865 ©2012, TESCCC

15. Civil War: Impact on Texas Texans fought in many battles in the Civil War on the Confederate and Union side. Conscription Act (were forced or drafted into the army) - Over 60,000, Texans joined the Confederacy. On the Union side, former slave Milton Holland and many Texas immigrants fought. Northern States ©2012, TESCCC

16. Civil War: Impact on Texas With so many Texans fighting in the war, women and children had to be responsible for the businesses, farms, and homes. Plus, the demand for cotton was down because of the war. There were shortages of commodities like coffee, medicine, and clothing. Many suffered the loss of family members. Life was very hard in Texas. Image found at: http://welcomebacktopottersville.blogspot.com/2010/07/i-could- just-see-this-now.html ©2012, TESCCC

17. Civil War: Impact on Texas Throughout the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln developed several plans to bring the nation back together and to give the enslaved African Americans their freedom. The Executive Order known as The Emancipation Proclamation, which freed slaves in the slave- holding Southern states, went into effect January 1, 1863. ©2012, TESCCC

18. Civil War: Civil War Ends The war ended in April 1865, but because of Texas’s location, the news of the war ending did not reach Texas until June 19, 1865. The last Civil War battle was in Brownsville, Texas May 12 -13, 1865. The North, or Union forces, had already won the war. Confederate General Robert E. Lee had signed the surrender agreement one month previous. ©2012, TESCCC

19. Quiz – Quiz – Praise! Turn to your Quiz-Quiz-Praise partner and take turns quizzing each other over following Civil War terms: Be sure to praise each other when you get an answer correct with a high five, or a quick cheer! If you get “stuck,” take a peek at your Bean Bingo Game! Quiz Partner A: Quiz your friend over the terms: Federal Government States’ Rights Union Confederacy Quiz Partner B: Quiz your friend over the terms: Seceded Conscription Act Emancipation Proclamation

20. Reconstruction: 1865 - 1877 Image from: http://www.mrburnett.net/civilwar.html ©2012, TESCCC

21. A week after the end of the Civil War, President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. His successor, President Johnson continued on with the process of Reconstruction, or rebuilding the country. Reconstruction: Impact ©2012, TESCCC

22. Reconstruction: Impact On June 19, 1865, General Gordon Granger arrived in Texas in Galveston Bay with 2,000 federal troops announcing and enforcing the Emancipation Proclamation. June 19 th became known as Juneteenth, which became a celebration of slaves being set free. ©2012, TESCCC

23. There was a great increase in… Tenant farming – people reside on and farms land owned by a landlord Sharecropping – people farming another man’s land for a share of the profit Reconstruction: Impact ©2012, TESCCC

24. Many Texans were not happy about losing the war because their life had changed drastically. There was a shortage of free labor to farm their fields. There was inadequate production in agriculture and business. Transportation was disrupted. Reconstruction: Impact ©2012, TESCCC

25. In order to protect the rights of freed slaves, new laws had to be enacted. The Freedmen’s Bureau was established in 1865 by the Federal Government to provide the following for freed slaves: Food Shelter Medicine Opened the first schools for African Americans in Texas, which were in operation for over 100 years Reconstruction: Impact ©2012, TESCCC

26. To come back into the Union, the Texas State Constitution of 1876 had to include: Thirteenth Amendment (1865), which freed the slaves Fourteenth Amendment (1868), which gave African Americans citizenship Fifteenth Amendment (1869), which gave African American men the right to vote Reconstruction: Impact ©2012, TESCCC

27. Because some did not agree with the new laws of the U.S., some states passed Jim Crow laws to enforce segregation (separating races). It became illegal for Black Texans and sometimes Hispanic Texans to … eat in the same restaurants stay in the same hotel attend the same schools be treated in the same hospital as the Anglo Texans Reconstruction: Impact ©2012, TESCCC

28. The Ku Klux Klan was a group that was formed to force segregation and to keep African Americans from taking part in politics. This was a time of great conflict, as Texans made their way through a new era without slavery supporting agriculture. Reconstruction: Impact ©2012, TESCCC

29. Quiz – Quiz – Praise! Turn to a “quiz partner” and take turns quizzing each other over what the following Civil War terms mean Be sure to praise each other when you get an answer correct with a high five, or a quick cheer! If you get “stuck,” see if another Quiz group can help you! Quiz Partner A: Quiz your friend over the terms: Reconstruction Emancipation Proclamation Juneteenth Tenant Farming Sharecropping Quiz Partner B: Quiz your friend over the terms: Texas Constitution of 1876 13 th Amendment 14 th Amendment 15 th Amendment Jim Crow Laws