1. QOD Discuss how you would apply the scientific method to the hypothesis that cigarette smoking is dangerous. Question: Hypothesis: Cigarette smoking is dangerous Experimental Plan:

2. Classification of Matter Mrs. B-Z

3. Matter and It’s Physical States Matter is anything that has mass or take up space Solid matter has definite shape and volume Solids can be two types

4. Solids Crystalline is a type of solid that has a regular arrangement or pattern to its atoms

5. Solids Amorphous solids have no particular arrangement of their atoms. Examples: plastics and gels The book states glass as an amorphous solid but there is debate stating it is actually a liquid instead.

7. Liquids and Gases Liquid: Definite volume but not definite shape A gas has neither definite volume nor shape

8. 3.3 Substances and Mixtures Substance: kind of matter with definite, fixed composition. Pure Substance: elements and compounds

9. Elements and Compounds Elements are fundamental substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means to a simpler substance. These can be found on the periodic table. Compounds are elements that have been bonded together Phase = part of a system separated by physical boundaries from the other parts Back to Main Page

10. How many different phases do you see?

11. Mixtures If a substance is NOT a pure substance than it is a mixture Mixtures can be two types Homogeneous: one phase, uniform Heterogeneous: two or more phases

12. Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?

13. 3.4 – 3.7 Elements and Names Atoms are the smallest particle of an element that can exist Symbols are the one or two letter abbreviations for the elements. The first letter is always capitalized and the second (if there is one) is NEVER capitalized.

14. 3.8 Metals, Metalloids and Nonmetals Metals: high luster, high melting point, good conductors of electricity, ductile (can be drawn into wire), malleable (can be smashed into thin sheets) Nonmetals: no luster, low melting points, poor conductors, neither ductile or malleable Metalloids: intermediate properties

16. Formulas Chemical Formulas show the symbols and ratios of the atoms of an element in a compound Ex. H 2 O (2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen) Ca(NO 3 ) 2 (1 calcium, 2 nitrogen and 6 oxygen) 4(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (8 N, 32 H, 4 S, and 16 O)

17. Diatomic Elements Some elements always occur as diatomic molecules when they are in their elemental state (not bonded to any other element) Ex. H by itself is H 2 as is F 2, N 2, O 2, Cl 2, Br 2, I 2 But other elements like Na or Fe are not diatomic