1. Steven S. Zumdahl Susan A. Zumdahl Donald J. DeCoste Gretchen M. Adams University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Chapter 1 Chemistry: An Introduction

2. Section 1.1 The Science of Chemistry 1.To understand the importance of learning chemistry 2.To define chemistry Objectives

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8. Section 1.1 The Science of Chemistry A. The Importance of Learning Chemistry Chemistry is important to everyone because chemistry occurs all around us in our daily lives. Chemistry “looks inside” ordinary objects to study how their components behave. Chemists develop new materials. Chemistry can produce new sources of energy. Chemistry can help to control diseases.

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11. Section 1.1 The Science of Chemistry B. What Is Chemistry? Chemistry is the science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo. The goal of chemistry is to connect the macroscopic world you live in to the microscopic world that makes it all work.

12. Section 1.1 The Science of Chemistry Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes. Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1

13. Section 1.1 The Science of Chemistry CHEMISTRY IS THE STUDY OF MATTER AND ITS CHANGES

14. Section 1.1 The Science of Chemistry 1.Organic chemistry—the study of most carbon- containing compounds 2. Inorganic chemistry—the study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics) 3. Physical chemistry—the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy Branches of Chemistry Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1

15. Section 1.1 The Science of Chemistry 4. Analytical chemistry—the identification of the components and composition of materials 5. Biochemistry—the study of substances and processes occurring in living things 6. Theoretical chemistry—the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds Branches of Chemistry Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1

16. Section 1.1 The Science of Chemistry A chemical is any substance that has a definite composition. sucrose water carbon dioxide Iron nitrogen Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1

17. Section 1.1 The Science of Chemistry Basic Research is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge. how and why a specific reaction occurs what the properties of a substance are the discovery of Teflon™ Applied Research is generally carried out to solve a problem. development of new refrigerants

18. Section 1.1 The Science of Chemistry Technological Development typically involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life. computers catalytic converters in cars biodegradable materials Basic research, applied research, and technological development often overlap Branches of Chemistry Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science

19. Section 1.2 Using Science to Solve Problems 1.To understand scientific thinking 2.To illustrate scientific thinking 3.To describe the method scientists use to study nature Objectives

20. Section 1.2 Using Science to Solve Problems A. Solving Everyday Problems Scientific thinking helps us solve all types of problems we confront in our lives. Scientific thinking involves  observations  defining a problem  construction of explanations  evaluation of possible explanations or solutions to the problem

21. Section 1.2 Using Science to Solve Problems B. Using Scientific Thinking to Solve a Problem

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23. Section 1.2 Using Science to Solve Problems C. The Scientific Method The scientific method is a procedure for processing the information that flows from the world around us in which we:  Make observations  Formulate hypotheses  Perform experiments

24. Section 1.2 Using Science to Solve Problems C. The Scientific Method

25. Section 1.2 Using Science to Solve Problems O bserve and state a problem or ask a question…research it H ypothesize…make a testable prediction…often and “if –then” statement E xperiment…devise a way to test your prediction –Independent variable is the thing you change or watch –Dependent variable is what you are observing…you want to see how it DEPENDS on the independent variable –Keep everything else the same…controls and constants –Analyze results C onclude –Explain your results with a theory (THEORIES EXPLAIN) –State what you observe with a law (LAWS PREDICT BASED ON OBSERVATIONS) –Share –Revise and do some more!

26. Section 1.2 Using Science to Solve Problems C. The Scientific Method Observations Are Not Theories An observation can be witnessed and recorded. A theory is an interpretation – a possible explanation of why something happens.

27. Section 1.2 Using Science to Solve Problems C. The Scientific Method Theories Do Not Become Laws A natural law is a summary of behavior. A theory is our attempt to explain why it happens.

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29. Section 1.3 Learning Chemistry Objective 1.To develop successful strategies for learning chemistry

30. Section 1.3 Learning Chemistry A. Strategies for Learning Chemistry Learn the vocabulary. Try to understand the fundamental ideas. Use trial and error to solve problems. Practice, practice, practice!

31. Section 1.3 Learning Chemistry A. Strategies for Learning Chemistry

32. Section 1.3 Learning Chemistry Strategies for NOT learning chemistry Don’t keep up Don’t practice Don’t ask questions Trying to “memorize” everything instead of thinking problems through –Note: Of course, there are some things you must memorize to make things easier, but overall, the thought processes will be most important!