1. CHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE
SBIR PROGRAM OVERVIEW
Mr. Larry Pollack
Joint Science and Technology Office for
Chemical and Biological Defense

2. Chem-Bio Defense - Public Law
1994: Congress establishes the Joint Service Chemical and Biological Defense Program (CBDP) through Public Law ,
Section 1703
Key word = Joint Service
Army – Navy – AF – Marines ALL require these technologies
S&T component managed by JSTO-CBD
JSTO-CBD is part of DTRA (DTRA-CB)
Very specific & focused on niche technologies

3. Chem-Bio Defense - Mission Focus
Provide defense capabilities to permit U.S. military forces to operate and successfully complete missions in chemical and biological warfare environments
Complete missions in POTENTIAL CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTS
R&D conducted to identify technical solutions to improve warfighter capabilities specific to Chemical and Biological applications

4. Chem-Bio Defense - Mission Focus
Elicit innovative solutions to address chemical and biological defense technology gaps confronting DoD
This includes industry, academia, small businesses, and Government Labs – both DoD and non-DoD such as DOE, EPA, NOAA, and others
…commercialization potential in the private sector to include dual use or multi-use applications
Funding for CBD SBIR comes from a “tax” imposed on the CBD extramural RDT&E program
The CBD SBIR program supplements CBDP to permit small businesses the opportunity to compete for funding

5. Physical Science & Technology
Chem-Bio Defense: Research Topic Areas
Physical Science & Technology
Capability Areas
Decontamination
Detection
Protection
All areas apply to both Chemical and Biological Threats
The CBD S&T program supports basic needs that are organized around a number of technology thrust areas with research conducted in five commodity areas: detection, protection, decontamination, modeling and simulation and “Threat Agent Science”.
Detection programs provide the capability to continuously sample, detect and in some cases quantify CB threats in air, water, soil to include direct analysis of land, on personnel, on equipment or in facilities.
Protection programs shield the soldier from physical contact with debilitating and/or life threatening agents and enable the joint forces to maintain sustained operations.
Decontamination programs enable the quick restoration of combat power, maintain/recover essential functions that are free from the effects of CB hazards, and facilitate the return to pre-incident operational capability as soon as possible.
Modeling and Simulation programs provide the joint forces a clear understanding of the current and predicted CB situation.
Threat Agent Science provides fundamental technical studies of phenomena which have a broad impact and relevance to the four principal technology areas.
Modeling & Simulation/
Battlespace Management
Threat Agent Science

6. Detection Capability Area Technology Focus
Point Detection
Chemical Detection
Provide the warfighter with real-time capability to
detect, identify, characterize, and warn against all
known or validated chemical threats.
Biological Detection
Develop capability to uniquely identify biological threat agents. Includes techniques to reduce the logistical burden associated with the use of reagents.
Point Detection: Environmental matrices: Air, water, other complex environmental matrices to include things such as decontamination solutions.
Revolutionary Efforts:
Low-cost, broad-band place-and-forget chem-bio micro-sensors
Terahertz/optical detection of liquid CB agents
Integrated detection technologies for
chemical and biological agents

7. Detection Capability Area Technology Focus
Standoff Detection
Develop capability to detect and identify chemical threat
agents at a distance. Use of imaging technology to
provide a visible representation of where the
contamination resides; offers wide area coverage;
remote location operation and early warning capabilities.
Chemical Detection
Biological Detection
Develop capability to detect and discriminate the presence of biological threat agents at a distance.
Point Detection: Environmental matrices: Air, water, other complex environmental matrices to include things such as decontamination solutions.
Integrated detection technologies for
chemical and biological agents

8. Decontamination Capability Area Technology Focus
Decontaminate sensitive interior spaces such as cargo aircraft, ground vehicles and shipboard interiors that contain complex geometry, unhardened surfaces and electronics.
Sensitive Equipment
Develop a non-corrosive and environmentally friendly oxidative, broad spectrum chemical and biological warfare agent decontaminant with low toxicity and moderate pH suitable for use on various surfaces.
Solution
Chemistry
Challenges: Decon of large surface areas; logistics burden; quantities of raw materials and additives (water)
Caustic materials/damage to sensitive equipment (electronics)
Solid Phase – adsorbents such as carbon. Best possible technology?
Revolutionary Efforts:
Alternative science/process regenerative decontaminants
Are not based on solution chemistry or solid or absorptive processes
Solid Phase
Develop reactive solid phase materials with demonstrated chemical and biological agent efficacy as next generation sorbent systems.

9. Protection Capability Area Technology Focus
Percutaneous protection against chemical and biological agents, radiological particles, and toxic industrial materials
Reduce the physiological stress, logistics burden, and equipment compatibility problems normally associated with wearing protective equipment
Clothing
INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION
Respiratory protection against chemical and biological agents, radiological particles, and toxic industrial materials
Reduce the physiological stress, logistics burden, and equipment compatibility problems normally associated with wearing protective equipment
Individual & Collective Protection
Challenges:
IP – Heat Stress vice barrier to threat materials
Revolutionary Efforts:
Self-detoxifying materials for protection against emerging CB hazards, TICs, and NTA aerosols
Masks

10. Protection Capability Area Technology Focus
Protection against chemical and biological agents, radiological particles, and toxic industrial materials by providing protected and sealed enclosures (toxic-free area)
Prevent infiltration of threat materials and allow effective over-pressurization in transportable and mobile platforms in addition to fixed site facilities
Shelters
COLLECTIVE PROTECTION
Purify large volumes of air for respiration and toxic free area over-pressurization in transportable and mobile platforms and fixed site facilities; removal of chemical and biological agents, radiological particles and Toxic Industrial Chemicals /
Toxic Industrial Materials
Collective Protection
Revolutionary Efforts:
Focused single-hazard protection integrated into standard shelters
Air Purification

11. Modeling & Simulation Capability Area Technology Focus
Develop capability to utilize CB sensor data throughout the battlespace and integrate with other relevant battlespace information and C4I systems to display and disseminate operationally meaningful information to support decision making
Battle Management
Develop enabling capability to model and simulate CBW threats across a range of scales from individual to theater, to provide realistic, rigorous treatment of agent dissemination, dispersion, terrain, agent fate and downwind dispersion and deposition
Environment
Data Fusion of multiple sensors
Movement and Atmospheric Dispersion of Agent
Command, control, communication, computers, intelligence
Revolutionary Efforts:
Information fusion algorithms and software to reduce false alarms
Source determination given limited sensor data and no attack information

12. Seeks to maintain and develop scientific knowledge of
Threat Agent Science Capability Area
Technology Focus
Seeks to maintain and develop scientific knowledge of
current, non-traditional, and emerging threats
Model how CB agents interact with materiel and
the environment
Agent Fate
Low Level Toxicity
Predict human physiological response to sub-lethal doses of CB agents using model systems
Characterize the chemical, physical, and biological
properties of traditional, non-traditional, and emerging
CB agents
Identify, develop and characterize CB simulants that permit testing and evaluation of materiel and concepts at reduced costs
Emerging
Threat
Threat Agent Science - Revolutionary Efforts:
Correlating operational concepts with emerging threat research to avoid future technological surprise
Area goals are as follows:
Assess priority and relevance of traditional, non-traditional, and emerging CB agents and respective science gaps in order to guide threat agent research more effectively.
Understand CB agent fate, and supporting MSB efforts to model how CB agents interact with materiel and the environment, in order to better assess operational impact and to support doctrine and policy development about protection and decontamination;
Predict human physiological response to sub-lethal doses of CB agents using model systems in order to support policy decisions about exposure limits, protection and decontamination and to support doctrine and policy development for operational risk management decision-making and for medical planning;
Characterize the chemical, physical, and biological properties of traditional, non-traditional, and emerging CB agents on the prioritized list of CB agents developed through the joint process described above;
Identify, develop and characterize CB simulants that permit testing and evaluation of materiel and concepts at reduced costs; and
Develop new laboratory methodologies for delivery, sampling and high-precision measurements involving highly toxic, controlled or surety materials.
Special
Projects

13. Medical S&T Capability Areas
Chem-Bio Defense: Research Topic Areas
Medical S&T Capability Areas
Therapeutics
Pre-Treatments
Diagnostics
Pre-Treatments: Vaccines
Therapeutics: Treatments
Diagnostics: Determine exposure to what? Infectious? Nerve agent? Blister agent? Toxins?

14. Medical Capability Area Technology Focus
Bacterial
Viral
Toxins
Multiagent Vaccines
Alternate Delivery Methods
Chemical Warfare Agents
Pre-Treatments
Antivirals
Antitoxins
Antibacterial Agents
Improved Oximes
Advanced Anticonvulsant
Systems
Immunomodulators
Chemical Warfare Agents
Therapeutics
Assays/Analytical Methods
Reagent Development
Medical Surveillance
Diagnostics
Pre-Treatments: Vaccines
Emerging Threats: New Threats on the Horizon
Low-level CWA Exposure
Genetically Engineered Threats
Genomics / Proteomics
Medical Modeling & Simulation
Inhalation Toxicology
Emerging Threat/
Special Projects

15. Medical Pretreatments
Challenges
DNA platforms for rapid vaccine development
Vaccines that are adaptable to emerging threats
Better understanding of human immune mechanisms
Broad spectrum medical prophylaxis and countermeasures against all nerve agents
Negative-strand RNA based vaccine expression system-
Recombinant technology puts Ebola virus glycoprotein into the expression vector (in this case a rhabdovirus). Cells infected by the vector will produce Ebola virus glyprotein on their surfaces and stimulate development of protective immunity (cellular and humoral).
Challenges:
- DNA Vaccines: common DNA platform easily permit insertion of agent specific sequences, facilitating rapid development of vaccines
- Adaptability to emerging threats: the above lends itself to rapid development, as would be required if US forces were confronted with a novel pathogen for which vaccines did not currently exist
- Human Immunology: It is not always possible to predict how people will react to a given vaccine: will humoral or cellular immunity predominate, and which one is protective? Better understanding of human immune mechanisms: how immune responses are induced and regulated, how they may be augmented, and how they may may be directed in a preferred direction will be used to improve design of new vaccines.
- Broad Spectrum: development of a single pretreatment that will protect troops against all nerve agents is desirable from a number of perspectives: grants commanders freedom of action in CWA environments, minimizes the number of different countermeasures that must be employed, reduces the possibility of surprise stemming from use of a different CWNA.
Negative-strand RNA based vaccine expression system

16. Joint Biological Agent Identification and Detection System - Block I
Medical Diagnostics
Challenges
Biological sample viability at room temperature (or above) for up to seven days
Integrated platform for nucleic acid, protein and small molecule toxin diagnostics
Simple, small, and integrated sample processing and testing platforms
Assays for early (pre-symptomatic) markers of exposure
Rapid diagnostic tests to identify antibiotic resistance markers
Rapid Diagnostics
Automated extraction
The ultimate goal is to build a Tricorder: a single hand held device capable of diagnosing any exposure to CBWA using any suitable specimen. Today, JBAIDS Block I requires separate sample processing to purify and concentrate target DNA prior to PCR analysis on the RAPIDS device. Automated sample processing is both faster and more efficient than manual processing, and less prone to operator/technician error. Eventually, the program aims at developing highly multiplexed, protein and nucleic acid arrays that provide a single, integrated solution to the problem of deployable diagnostic capabilities. This slide demonstrates the current state of the art, and points to our ultimate goal: a hand held diagnostic device with on-board sample processing for nucleic acid, protein, and small molecule-based threats.
Integrated Handheld
Platform
Joint Biological Agent Identification and Detection System - Block I

17. Medical Therapeutics Challenges
Broad spectrum therapeutics for diverse/emerging threats
New technologies and methods to accelerate FDA licensure of new products
Minimal systemic, neurological, ocular, and cutaneous injury due to chemical threat agent exposure
Develop novel new interventions/approaches
Leverage and adapt technologies developed for other purposes
Challenges
- Accelerate licensure: develop approaches that speed FDA approval of new medical countermeasures. Establishing appropriate animal models for surrogate efficacy testing under the 2-animal rule is one example of an approach to accelerate FDA licensure.
- Minimal systemic, neurologic, ocular, and cutaneous injury due to chemical threat agent exposure: Despite over 80 years of experience with blister agents, and decades of experience with nerve agents, we still lack rapidly effective therapeutics against chemical agents: minimize agent effects, reduce morbidity, rapid return to duty.
New technologies: we need to use new technologies (systems biology, biological arrays, bioinformatics, specifically designed small-molecule therapeutics, host response modifying drugs, etc., to advance beyond the current state of the art.
Make the Animal Rule Work!

18. CBD SBIR: Who Are We? Chemical and Biological Defense (JSTO-CBD)
Joint Science and Technology Office for
Chemical and Biological Defense (JSTO-CBD)
Provides management and technical oversight of the
Science and Technology component for all CBD R&D programs
CBD SBIR
One element of the Chem-Bio Defense S&T Program
JSTO-CBD coordinates topic generation; Phase I proposal,
evaluation and selection; Phase II invitation for proposals,
evaluation and selection
Seeking technology developments to generate dual-use products
having excellent commercialization potential
Annual solicitation for proposals (FYxx.1)
$10.2M FY06 program
Multi-tiered evaluation and selection process
Young program: SBIR Started 1982; CBD SBIR started 1998

19. The CBD SBIR Process Phase I Phase II Phase III
Feasability
Study
$70K, 6 months
(+ $30K option upon Phase II selection)
Prototype Development
$750K, 2 years
Phase I + Phase II = $850K Total SBIR
All projects are funded via contract
Commercialization
no SBIR Funds

20. CBD SBIR - We’re Different!
…and we are unique, too…
Chem-Bio Defense is NOT an Agency – it is a program of congressional record – its mission is to support the DoD and the warfighter – by providing technical innovations to make their jobs safer and more successful….
The CBD SBIR program has a niche technology focus:
To identify and implement solutions for issues associated with
Chemical and Biological Threats

21. Programmatic: Mr. Matt Briston matthew.briston@us.army.mil
CBD SBIR POC
Technical: Mr. Larry Pollack
(703)
Programmatic: Mr. Matt Briston
(703)
BROCHURES AVAILABLE
Guidance issued to provide information describing annual CB S&T expectations and program area thrusts to fill identified technology gaps.
The guidance will be developed by the DTRA CB Capability Area Program Officers -- and proposed topics will also be scrutinized by these same individuals prior to ARO-W forwarding selected topics to DDR&E for their evaluation.
Often topics are written that are too "board-based" and lack specifics -- e.g., develop a point detector for detection of chemical agents in air. This results in excessive numbers of submitted topics -- each that must be reviewed.
Frequently, SBIR topics suggest development of a device that cannot be realistically developed within the 2-3 year time period of an SBIR and a maximum funding amount of $850K. Topics must developed with planned R&D milestones that can realistically be achieved within the SBIR time constraints.
CBD SBIR WEBSITE