1. Chapter 12 Respiratory System

2. In this chapter you will
Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their location and function.
Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration.
Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper context.

3. Organs of the Respiratory System
Paranasal Sinuses
Nasopharynx
Nasal Cavity
Pharyngeal tonsils
Nose
Oropharynx
Palatine tonsils
Laryngopharynx
Epiglottis
Esophagus
Trachea
Larynx
Mediastinum
Parietal pleura
Bronchial tubes
Visceral pleura
Lung
Bronchioles
Diaphragm

4. Organs of the Respiratory System
Bronchioles
Erythrocytes
Capillary
Alveoli

5. Inhalation and Expiration
Discuss how breathing is a passive process. Obtain a bell jar and diaphragm apparatus from a lab, or make one, to illustrate this concept.

6. Respiratory Flow Chart
Trace the flow and then conduct the class activity in the lesson plan by dividing the class into two groups and assigning each a gas. (see LP 12.1)

7. Chapter 12 Respiratory System
Terminology
p. 464

8. adenoidectomy adenoid/o: adenoids -ectomy
Surgical removal of the adenoids
Adenoids: nasopharyngeal tonsils

9. adenoid hypertrophy aden/o -oid hyper- -trophy
Excessive development (enlargement) of the adenoids / can obstruct nasal passages

10. Alveolar alveol/o: alveolus, air sac -ar Pertaining to an alveolus
Small, sac like, gas exchanging area of the lung
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11. Bronchospasm bronch/o: bronchial tube, bronchus
-spasm: sudden contraction of muscles
Sudden contraction of muscles in the bronchial tube
Seen most commonly in asthma

13. bronchiectasis bronchi/o: bronchial tube, bronchus
-ectasis: stretching, dilation, expansion
Dilation of bronchial tubes
Caused by weakening of the bronchial walls Q

15. bronchodilator bronch/o -dilation: widening, stretching, expanding
-or: one who
One who widens the bronchial tube
Medication

17. bronchiolitis bronchiol/o: bronchiole, small bronchus
-itis: inflammation
Inflammation of bronchioles
Viral infection
RSV: respiratory syncytial virus

18. hypercapnia Hyper: Excessive capn/o: carbon dioxide -ia: condition of
Condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in the blood) PaC02

19. pneumoconiosis pneum/o: lung, air coni/o: dust -osis
Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
Asbestosis
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20. cyanosis cyan/o: Blue -osis: Abnormal Condition
Abnormal condition of blue
Caused by hypoxemia

22. epiglottitis epiglott/o: epiglottis -itis: inflammation
Inflammation of the epiglottis
Haemophilus influenzae Type B ag

24. laryngeal laryng/o: larynx (voice box) -eal pertaining to
Pertaining to the larynx
Laryngitis
Occurs with a cold
Chronic condition in smokers

26. laryngospasm laryng/o: larynx -spasm:
Sudden contraction of the muscles of the larynx

27. laryngitis laryng/o larynx -itis; inflammation
Inflammation of the voice box

28. lobectomy lob/o: lobe of the lung -ectomy: surgical removal
Surgical removal of a lobe (of the lung)

30. mediastinoscopy mediastin/o: mediastinum -scopy
Visual examination of the mediastinum

31. paranasal sinuses
para-: near; beside; abnormal; apart from; along side of
nas/o: nose
-al
Sinuses: air filled cavities
Pertaining to air filled cavities near the nose

32. nasogastric intubation
gastr/o
-ic
in-
tube
-ation
Process of inserting tube through the a nose into the stomach (NG Tube)

33. orthopnea orth/o: straight, upright -pnea breathing Upright breathing
Breathing discomfort in any position but sitting up

34. hypoxia
hypo-
ox/o
-ia
Condition of deficient oxygen
In the tissues

36. expectoration ex-: out, away from pector/o: chest -ation: process of
Process of away from chest
Expulsion of material (mucus or phlegm)

37. pharyngeal pharyng/o: pharynx -eal pertaining to
Pertaining to the throat

38. dysphonia dys- bad,painful, difficult phon/o: voice -ia condition of
Condition of difficult (abnormal) voice
Hoarseness or any voice impairment

39. phrenic nerve phren/o: diaphragm -ic pertaining to Nerve nerve
Nerve pertaining to the diaphragm

41. pleurodynia pleur/o: pleura -dynia: pain Pain of the pleura
Associated with inflammation of intercostal muscles

42. pleural effusion pleur/o pleural -al pertaining to -fusion: to pour
To pour fluid into the pleural cavity
Fluid collects in the pleural space

44. pneumothorax
pneum/o air
-thorax chest
Air in the pleural space

46. pneumonectomy pneumon/o lung -ectomy surgical removal
Removal of a lung

48. pulmonary
pulmon/o: lung
-ary pertaining to
Pertaining to lungs

49. rhinorrhea rhin/o: nose -rrhea: flow, discharge
Discharge from the nose
Runny nose

50. rhinoplasty rhin/o nose -plasty surgical repair
Surgical repair of the nose
Nose job

51. sinusitis sinus/o: sinus, cavity -itis inflammation
Inflammation of sinuses

52. spirometer spir/o: breathing -meter instrument to measure
Instrument to measure breathing

53. expiration ex- out spir/o breathing -ation process of
Process of breathing out
Note that the S is omitted

54. respiration re- again spir/o breathing -ation process of
Process of breathing again
Breathing (inspiration and expiration)

55. atelectasis a- without tel/o: complete
-ectasis: stretching, dilation, expansion
Without complete expansion of a lung
collapsed lung

56. thoracotomy
thorac/o: chest
-tomy: incision
Incision of the chest

57. thoracic
thorac/o chest
-ic pertaining to
Pertaining to the chest

58. tonsillectomy tonsill/o: tonsils -ectomy: surgical removal
Removal of tonsils
The nasopharyngeal tonsils are removed

59. tracheotomy
trache/o trachea
-tomy incision
Incision of the trachea

61. tracheal stenosis trache/o trachea -al- pertaining to
stenosis: tightening; stricture
Pertaining to tightening (narrowing) of the trachea

63. Suffixes – Page 468

64. empyema em- in py/o pus -ema: condition
Condition of pus in (the chest)
A collection of pus
Most commonly occurs in the pleural cavity as pyothorax

65. anosmia
an-
-osmia: smell
Without smell

66. apnea
a- without
-pnea breathing
Without breathing

67. dyspnea
dys- bad, difficult
-pnea breathing
Difficult breathing

68. hyperpnea hyper- increased, excessive -pnea breathing
Increased breathing
Increase in depth of breathing
What is the term for increased rate of breathing?

69. tachypnea
tachy- fast
-pnea breathing
Fast breathing

70. hemoptysis
hem/o blood
-ptysis: spitting
Spitting up blood

71. asphyxia
a- without
-sphyxia: pulse
Without pulse

72. hemothorax hem/o blood -thorax: chest, pleural cavity
Blood in the pleural cavity

73. pyothorax
py/o
-thorax
Pus in the chest
empyema of the chest

74. Diagnostic and Pathologic Terms – page 469
auscultation
percussion
pleural rub
rale (crackle)
rhonchus
sputum
stridor
wheeze

76. Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders page 470
Croup
Diptheria
Epistaxis
Pertussis

77. Croup-p. 470 Acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants
Characterized by:
Obstruction of the larynx
Barking cough
stridor

79. Diptheria
bacterial infection usually affecting the mucous membranes of your nose and throat. Diphtheria typically causes a sore throat, fever, swollen glands and weakness. But the hallmark sign is a sheet of thick, gray material covering the back of your throat. This material can block your windpipe so that you have to struggle for breath.

80. Epistaxis
Nose bleed

81. Pertussis
Whooping Cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
DTaP and Tdap Vaccines

82. Bronchial Disorders – page 470-471
Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Cystic Fibrosis

83. Cystic Fibrosis
Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract.
Gene carrying the disease in known and persons carrying the gene may be identified.

84. Lung Disorders – page 471-475 Atlectasis Emphysema Lung cancer
Pneumoconiosis
Pneumonia
Pulmonary abcess
Pulmonary edema

85. Emphysema
Hyperinflation of the air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

86. Pneumonia
Acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

87. Lung Disorders Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Pulmonary Fibrosis
Sarcoidosis – chronic inflammation
Tuberculosis (TB)

89. Pulmonary Fibrosis

90. Pleural Disorders – page 475
Mesothelioma – rare malignant tumor in pleura
Pleural Effusion
Pleurisy (pleuritis)
Pneumothorax

91. Mesothelioma

92. Pleural Effusion

93. Clinical Procedures – p 476-481
Chest x-ray
Ventilation/Perfusion Scan (V/Q)
Bronchoscopy
Endotracheal Intubation
PFTs
Thoracentesis

94. Clinical Procedures Thoracotomy Thoracoscopy Tracheostomy
Tuberculin test (PPD)
Tube Thoracostomy (Chest tube)

96. QUICK QUIZ: 1. What is the tip or uppermost portion of the lung? base
lobe
apex
nares

99. Chest tube

101. Abbreviations p. 482 COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
CXR: Chest X-Ray
PFT: Pulmonary Function Test
TB: Tuberculosis
OSA: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
DOE: Dyspnea on Exertion
URI: Upper Respiratory Infection