1. Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry

2. 1.1 The Scope of Chemistry
What is Chemistry?
The study of the composition of matter and the changes matter undergoes
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Examples:
“Chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events because all living and nonliving things are made of matter.”

3. Areas of Study in Chemistry
Five Traditional Areas:
Organic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry
Biochemistry
Analytical chemistry
Physical chemistry
Pure Chemistry versus Applied Chemistry

4. Big Ideas or Central Themes:
Chemistry as the central science
Electrons and the structure of atoms
Bonding and interactions
Reactions
Kinetic theory
The Mole and quantifying matter
Matter and Energy
Carbon Chemistry

5. 1.2 Chemistry and You Why study Chemistry?
Explaining the natural world
Preparing people for career opportunities
Producing informed citizens
Modern research in chemistry can lead to technologies that:
Benefit the environment
Conserve and produce energy
Improve human life
Expand our knowledge of the universe
Examples of accidental discoveries in chemistry:

6. 1.3 The History of Thinking like a Scientist
Alchemy was the ancient study of material that developed the tools and techniques for working with chemicals such as beakers, flasks, mortar ad pestle.
By the 1500’s, there was a shift from alchemy to science which provided more logical steps in solving problems.

7. Lavoisier’s Contributions
In the late 1700’s, Lavoisier “helped to transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement that it is today.”
Designed very precise balances
Because some materials gained
mass as they burned in air, he proved
that they often react with oxygen .

8. The Scientific Method making observations can lead to questions.
proposing and testing hypotheses: a hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation which can be tested by doing an experiment.
Independent variable: the factor that is manipulated
Dependent variable: the responding variable
Models offer representations of objects or events that otherwise can’t be seen or observed.
developing theories: well-tested explanations for broad sets of observations.
Some experiments can lead to theories or laws. A scientific law is a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments.

10. 1.4 Problem Solving in Chemistry
Effective problem solving involves developing a plan and then implementing that plan.
Steps for solving numeric problems:
Analyze: What is known? What is unknown? What equations, measurements and units are needed?
Calculate
Evaluate: Is your answer reasonable and does it make sense?
Steps for solving nonnumeric problems:
Analyze and solve