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2Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Objectives Explain the purpose and various phases of the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) Explain when to use an adaptive approach to the SDLC in place of the more predictive traditional SDLC Describe how the more adaptive Unified Process (UP) life cycle uses iterative and incremental development Explain the differences between a model, a tool, a technique, and a methodology
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3Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Objectives (continued) Describe the Unified Process as a comprehensive system development methodology that combines proven best practices with the iterative UP life cycle Describe the disciplines used in a UP development project Describe the key features of the object-oriented approach Explain how automated tools are used in system development
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4Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 1.0 Overview Traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) Unified Process (UP) Iterative, incremental, adaptive approach to life cycle Nine disciplines: six for system development, three for support Review object-oriented (OO) concepts Describe computer support tools such as CASE Apply UP to the development project of RMO
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2.0 The Systems Development Life Cycle The entire process of building, deploying, using and updating an information system Two approaches: Predictive approach ◘Assumes the development project can be planned and organized in advance and the new infromation system can be developed according to the plan Adaptive approach ◘Assumes the project cannot be planned out completely in advance but be modified as it progress, especially after some preliminary development work
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6Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process SDLC Phases and Objectives 2.1 The Traditional Predictive SDLC Approaches a) Traditional SDLC
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7Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process The Waterfall Approach to the SDLC b) The waterfall approach
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8Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 2.2 The Newer Adaptive Approaches to the SDLC The spiral model: Cycles over and over again through development activities until a the project is complete Iteration of system development activities Iteration 1: SOME analysis, SOME design, SOME implementation Iteration 2: MORE analysis, MORE design, MORE implementation Iteration 3: EVEN MORE analysis, EVEN MORE design, EVEN MORE implementation All above process should be repeated until the system is closer to what is ultimately needed a) Spiral Model
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9Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process The Spiral Life Cycle Model
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Completes parts of a system in several iterations and then puts them into operation for users This process is continuously and finally we can complete the last part and integrate it with the rest The object oriented approach is always described as highly iterative b) Related approach : Incremental Development
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11Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 3.0 The Unified Process Life Cycle UP life cycle Includes (4) phases which consist of iterations Iterations are “mini-projects” Inception: develop and refine system vision Elaboration: define requirements and core architecture Construction: continue design and implementation Transition: move the system into operational mode
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12Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process The Unified Process System Development Life Cycle
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13Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process UP Phases and Objectives
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14Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 4.0 Methodologies, Models, Tools and Techniques System development methodology Provides guidelines every activity in system development Includes specific models, tools, and techniques Methodology contains instructions about how to use models, tools and techniques. Must understand what models, tools and techniques are Process is a synonym for methodology Methodologies supported with documentation a) Methodologies and system development process
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15Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Model abstract (separate) aspects of the real world Models come in many forms Physical analogs, mathematical, graphical System development models are highly abstract Depict inputs, outputs, processes, data, objects, interactions, locations, networks, and devices Unified Modeling Language (UML): standard notation showing system models PERT or Gantt charts: Represent the system development project – such as project-planning model b) Model
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16Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Figure 2-10 Some Models used in System Development
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17Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Tool: software used to create models or components required in the project Example tools Project management software tools (Microsoft Project) Integrated development environments (IDEs) – help for programming tasks Code generators Computer-aided system engineering (CASE tool) – helps system analyst complete development tasks Word processor Drawing/graphics application Ect… c) Tool
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18Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Technique Collection of guidelines Enables an analyst to complete an activity or task Example techniques Domain-modeling, strategic planning, project scheduling, user interface design, use case modeling, software-testing, user-interviewing, relational database design, ect.. Proven techniques are embraced as “Best Practices” Generally accepted approaches for completing a system development task that has been proven over time to be effective d) Techniques
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19Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Relationships of Models, Tools, and Techniques in a System Development Methodology
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20Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 5.0 The Unified Process as a System Development Methodology UP: object-oriented system development methodology Developed by Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh and Ivar Jacobson.
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21Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process UP Life Cycle with Phases, Iterations, and Disciplines
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22Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 5.1 The UP Disciplines Six main UP development disciplines Business modeling, requirements, design, implementation, testing, and deployment Each iteration Similar to a mini-project Results in a completed portion of the system Three additional support disciplines Project management, configuration and change management, and environment
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23Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process a) Business Modeling Purpose: understand business environment Three major activities part of business modeling Understand the business environments Create the system vision Create business models
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24Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process b) Requirements Objective: document business requirements Key drivers of activities: discovery and understanding Requirements discipline and business modeling map to traditional systems analysis Activities list Gather detailed information Define functional and nonfunctional requirements Prioritize requirements Develop user interface dialogs Evaluate requirements with users
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25Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process c) Design Objective: design system based on requirements Six major activities in the design discipline Design support services architecture and deployment environment Design the software architecture Design use case realizations Design the database Design the system and user interfaces Design the system security and controls
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26Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process d) Implementation Objective: build or acquire needed system components Implementation activities Build software components Acquire software components Integrate software components
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27Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process e) Testing Testing is critical discipline Testing activities Define and conduct unit testing Define and conduct integration testing Define and conduct usability testing Define and conduct user acceptance testing In UP, acceptance testing occurs throughout the building phase
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28Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process f) Deployment Goal: conduct activities to make system operational Deployment activities Acquire hardware and system software Package and install components Train users Convert and initialize data Deployment activities prominent in transition phase
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29Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process g) Project Management Most important support discipline Project management activities Finalize the system and project scope Develop the project and iteration schedule Identify project risks and confirm feasibility Monitor and control the project’s plan Monitor and control communications Monitor and control risks and outstanding issues
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30Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process h) Configuration and Change Management Configuration and change discipline pertains to: Requirements Design Source code Executables The two activities in this discipline Develop change control procedures Manage models and software components
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31Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process i) Environment Development environment includes Available facilities Design of the workspace Forums for team communication and interaction Environment discipline activities Select and configure the development tools Tailor the UP development process Provide technical support services
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32Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 6.0 Tools to Support System Development CASE (Computer Aided System Engineering) Contains da atabase repository for information system Set of tools that help analysts complete activities Sample artifacts: models, automatically generated code
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33Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process A CASE Tool Repository Contains All Information About the System
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34Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 6.0 Tools to Support System Development (continued) Microsoft Visio: emphasizes technical drawing Rational Rose CASE tool supporting object-oriented approach Strongly identified with UP methodology Together Pioneers round-trip engineering ◘synchronizes graphical models with generated program code Leverages UML diagrams
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35Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Figure 2-26 Visual Modeling Tool Rational Rose Displaying UML Diagrams
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36Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process 6.0 Tools to Support System Development (continued) Embarcadero Describe Visual Modeling Round-trip engineering Rational XDE Professional Integrates Microsoft Visual Studio.NET IDE Also provides visual modeling and round-trip
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37Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Figure 2-29 Rational XDE Professional is integrated with Visual Studio.NET
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38Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Summary SDLC: set of activities required to complete system development project Predictive SDLC: executes project in sequential phases (waterfall approach) Adaptive SDLC: accommodates change and phase overlap Spiral SDLC model introduces iterations (cycles) UP is an adaptive system development methodology
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39Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Summary (continued) UP life cycle includes four phases-inception, elaboration, construction, and transition UP phases decomposed into one ore more iterations Iterations involve work in nine UP disciplines UP is object-oriented Object-oriented concepts: object, class, methods, encapsulation, associations, inheritance, polymorphism CASE: automation tools simplify development tasks
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