1. Major Animal Phyla
Biology 103 Animal Lab

2. Phylum Porifera Sponges Asymmetrical or Radial symmetry No organs
Most are Marine
Sessile filter-feeders
Asexual Reproduction
Fragmentation
Sexual Reproduction
Hermaphrodites

3. Phylum Cnidaria Cnidarians Ex. Hydra, Jellyfish, corals, sea anemone
Radial symmetry
Mostly Marine
Have Nerve Cells
Nematocysts – stinging tentacles
2 Body Forms:
Polyp
Medusa
Polyp
Medusa

4. Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
Bilateral Symmetry
Definite Head
Thin, solid body
Excretory and Digestive System
Oxygen by diffusion
Hermaphrodites
Ex. Planaria, flukes, tapeworms

5. Phylum Nemotoda Roundworms Bilateral symmetry Tough outer covering
2 openings
Tube-like digestive system
Separate sexes
Ex. Nematodes, hookworms, pinworms

6. Phylum Mollusca Bilateral symmetry Mostly Marine
3 body parts: foot, visceral mass, mantle
Have: heart; digestive, excretory, and open circulatory systems; gills
Mostly separate sexes
Ex. Snails(gastropods), slugs, squid(cephalopods), octopus, clams(bivalves), oysters

7. Phylum Annelida Segmented worms Aquatic and terrestrial
2 body openings
Have nervous, digestive, excretory, and closed circulatory systems; head, nephridia
Ex. Earthworms, leeches, nereis

8. Phylum Arthropoda Jointed appendages Bilateral symmetry Exoskeleton
Separate sexes – internal fertilization in most
Most diverse phyla
4 classes (next 4 slides)

9. Arachnids 2 body sections 2 pairs of mouth parts (chelicerae) 8 legs
Ex. Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions

10. Crustaceans 2 pair of antennae Aquatic except for pill bug
Ex. Crabs, lobster, barnacles, shrimp

11. Myriapods
Many legs
Ex. Millipedes & Centipedes

12. Insects
6 legs
3 body sections
Ex. Grasshopper, bee, butterfly

13. Phylum Echinodermata Spiny skin Bilateral symmetry as larvae
Radial Symmetry as adult
Separate sexes
Endoskeleton
Marine
Ex. Starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars

14. Phylum Chordata (vertebrates)
Notochord (nerve cord)
No vertebrae
Gill slits
Ex. Sea squirts, lancelets

15. Phylum Chordata (Vertebrates)
Have backbone (vertebrae)
Dorsal nerve cord
Bilateral symmetry
Closed circulatory system
Brain
7 classes (next 5 slides)

16. Fish Class Agnatha – Jawless fish
Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays)
Class Osteichthyes – Bony fish

17. Class Amphibia Amphibians Must return to water to reproduce
Aquatic larvae
Semi-terrestrial adult
Moist habitat
Ex. Frogs, salamanders

18. Class Reptilia Reptiles Dry, scaly skin 3-chambered heart
Lays amniotic egg on land
Ectotherms (body temp. depends on environment
Ex. Lizards, snakes, turtles

19. Class Aves Birds Endotherms (Internal body heat) Feathers Hollow bones
4-chambered heart

20. Class Mammalia Mammals Endotherms Hair Milk produced in mammary glands
Nurse young
4-chambered heart
Live birth for most mammals
Highly developed brains
Ex. Mice, Whales, Humans