2. Tufts Lithium-ion Thin Film Rechargeable Battery

3. Cu Substrate C Li Co O 2 Li x C 6 Li + 1-x Co 4+ x Co 3+ 1-x O 2 negative electrode ( anode) Current collector ionic conductor Positive electrode (cathode) Lipon Current collector Al/TiN click to charge Li + e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e-

4. Cu Substrate C Li Co O 2 Li x C 6 Li + 1-x Co 4+ x Co 3+ 1-x O 2 Li + e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- negative electrode ( anode) Current collector ionic conductor Positive electrode (cathode) Lipon Current collector Al/TiN click to charge

5. Cu Substrate Li x C 6 Li + 1-x Co 4+ x Co 3+ 1-x O 2 C Li CoO 2 Li + e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- negative electrode ( anode) Current collector ionic conductor Positive electrode (cathode) Lipon Current collector Al/TiN click to discharge MM

6. change of energy level during charging current collector current collector positive electrode negative electrode EcEc EcEc electrolyte EvEv EvEv e-e- Li + EFEF EFEF EFEF EFEF e-e- EFEF EFEF e-e- EFEF EFEF EFEF EFEF e-e- e-e- EFEF EFEF

7. change of energy level during discharging current collector current collector positive electrode negative electrode EcEc EcEc electrolyte EvEv EvEv EFEF EFEF EFEF EFEF e-e- Li + EFEF EFEF e-e- EFEF EFEF e-e- M EFEF EFEF e-e- M e-e- EFEF EFEF

8. LiCoO 2 Li 0..5 Co O 2 Li 0..01 Co O 2 Li 0.01 C 6 Li 6 C 6 Li 2.5eV 1.5eV 3.8-3.9eV 4.2eV 5eV PE for electron Positive electrode Li + Co 3+ O 2 -x Li + - x e - = Li + 1-x Co 4+ x Co 3+ 1-x O 2 Negative electrode C 6 +x Li + + x e - = Li x C 6

9. If Li Co O 2 area is 1cm 2, thickness is 200nm, density is 3.5g/cm 3, if on charging, Li Co O 2 is half delithiated. Li + Co 3+ O 2 –0.5 Li + - 0.5 e - = Li + 0.5 Co 4+ 0.5 Co 3+ 0.5 O 2 The charge of 34mC is needed to be transported. If charging current is set at 100  A. it will take 56 minutes to charge this cell. potentiostat & galvanostat Li Cl O 4 Li Co O 2 Al/Cu Li

11. (3 phenylene+C), In, Al, LiMO 2, ( M= Li, Ni, V, Mn) Lipon (N: : Li 3 PO 4 ), Li 3 PO 4 cathode electrolyte anode Li, Pt, Ni, Cu, TiN LiI doped Li 2 S - SiS 2 LiI doped Li 2 S - B 2 S 2 Li 3 PO 4 doped Li 2 S - SiS 2 Li 2 O modified SiO 2 (or B 2 O 3, P 2 O 5 ) Li 1+x M x Ti 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (M=Al, Sc, Y, La) LiI, Li 3 N Crystalline material Glassy material Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 Li [M 2 ]O 4 ( M= Li, Ni, V, Mn) Li x TiS 2

12. Li + O-O- P O-O- O-O- O-O- P PP O-O- O O O O OOO O-O- O-O- P O-O- O-O- O-O- P P O - ONON NN O O O-O- Li + P O O-O- O-O- P O-O- P P P O O O O O O O-O- O-O- O-O- O-O- P O-O- O-O- O-O- P P O-O- N N O OO O-O- PPO O O O-O-