1. ATP: LIFE’S RECHARGEABLE BATTERY To release energy, need to break off one of the Phosphates (P) To release energy, need to break off one of the Phosphates (P) This forms ADP This forms ADP ADP = LOW ENERGY To recharge the battery, need to reattach the Phophate To recharge the battery, need to reattach the Phophate This forms ATP This forms ATP ATP = HIGH ENERGY

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Why pine trees don’t hunt and kill gazelles…

3. Fun With Tim and Moby http://www.brainpop.com/science/livingsystem s/photosynthesis/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/livingsystem s/photosynthesis/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/livingsystem s/photosynthesis/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/livingsystem s/photosynthesis/

4. What’s the Ultimate energy source? The sun is ultimate energy source for virtually ALL life on earth. The sun is ultimate energy source for virtually ALL life on earth. What can plants do that animals can’t? What can plants do that animals can’t? What organelle do plant cells have that animal cells don’t? What organelle do plant cells have that animal cells don’t? How do they do it? How do they do it?

5. Photosynthesis—Big Picture It is the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy It is the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy Involves rearranging matter to produce a usable form of chemical energy Involves rearranging matter to produce a usable form of chemical energy Happens in 2 steps Happens in 2 steps Light reaction - Light Dependent reaction Light reaction - Light Dependent reaction Calvin cycle - Light Independent reaction Calvin cycle - Light Independent reaction occurs in the light as well as the dark occurs in the light as well as the dark

6. Equation for Photosynthesis CO 2 + H 2 O + light -----> C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + light -----> C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 INPUTSOUTPUTS (REACTANTS)(PRODUCTS)

7. Where do these inputs come from? Energy (light) comes from the sun (or some other artificial light source. Energy (light) comes from the sun (or some other artificial light source. Water comes from the soil into the plant roots & from the air via the leaves. Water comes from the soil into the plant roots & from the air via the leaves. Carbon Dioxide comes from the air and enters the leaves. Carbon Dioxide comes from the air and enters the leaves.

8. Site of Photosynthesis

9. Chloroplast

10. BEHIND THE SCENES 2-STEP PROCESS 2-STEP PROCESS STEP 1: Charge up the chloroplasts using light energy STEP 1: Charge up the chloroplasts using light energy STEP 2: Build glucose STEP 2: Build glucose

11. STEP 1: CHARGE THE CHLOROPLAST LIKE A BATTERY! Light strikes chloroplasts of a leaf cell Light strikes chloroplasts of a leaf cell Energy from light energizes chlorophyll Energy from light energizes chlorophyll Energized chlorophyll splits a water molecule, Energized chlorophyll splits a water molecule, What is a water molecule made of? What is a water molecule made of? What parts do you think it is split into? What parts do you think it is split into?

12. Ta-daaaaaah! OXYGEN: given off as a gas (waste) OXYGEN: given off as a gas (waste) This is the place where you’ve learned that plants give off oxygen This is the place where you’ve learned that plants give off oxygen HYDROGENS: captured and used later in the process HYDROGENS: captured and used later in the process

13. Harvesting of Light by Photosystems (chlorophyll acts as a solar collector)

14. STEP 2: BUILD THE SUGAR The fixation of carbon dioxide from atmosphere to make sugar (storing carbon) The fixation of carbon dioxide from atmosphere to make sugar (storing carbon) Light is NOT necessary for this reaction- it takes place both during the day and at night Light is NOT necessary for this reaction- it takes place both during the day and at night Combines CO 2 with other carbon containing compounds to form sugar Combines CO 2 with other carbon containing compounds to form sugar Glucose (6 carbons) Glucose (6 carbons) When you learned that plants take in CO 2 When you learned that plants take in CO 2 (carbon dioxide) this is where its used.

15. A Summary

16. Yet another

17. Glucose molecules

18. What kinds of light are involved?

19. Pigments 1. Chlorophyll is a pigment. It absorbs red and blue light, and transmits green light 2. Carotenoids absorb violet and blue light 3. Xanthophyls absorb yellow and orange light.

21. Phenol Red Indicator solution for Carbon dioxide Indicator solution for Carbon dioxide Turns red in low CO 2 Turns red in low CO 2 Turns yellow in high CO 2 Turns yellow in high CO 2

22. Chromatography Pigments have different rates of flow on filter paper Pigments have different rates of flow on filter paper Petroleum Ether is the solvent used to carry the pigment Petroleum Ether is the solvent used to carry the pigment Heavier pigments travel least distance Heavier pigments travel least distance Light weight pigments travel farthest Light weight pigments travel farthest

23. IIIIIIIIIIIII ORANGE……... CAROTENE IIIIIIIIIIIII YELLOW...XANTHOPHYLL IIIIIIIIIIIII LIGHT GREEN....CHLOR. A IIIIIIIIIIIII DARKGREEN…...CHLOR. B IIIIIIIIIIIII RED………..ANTHOCYANIN ChromatographyChromatography

24. Resources for photosynthesis http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/ BIOBK/BioBookPS.html http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/ BIOBK/BioBookPS.html

25. Equation for Cellular Respiration Look carefully at this equation. What equation does it appear to be similar? Look carefully at this equation. What equation does it appear to be similar? C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy (ATPs) C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy (ATPs) INPUTSOUTPUTS Where does this reaction occur?