1. South Asia History

2. Words to Watch Gruesome- Causing horror or disgust Decipher- To interpret the meaning of something Anthropologist- A scientist that studies human origins Ecology- Pattern of relationships between living things

3. Indus Valley Civilization Lasted from 3300-1300 B.C. Located in modern-day Pakistan and India along the Indus River At its peak, the civilization had a population of around 5 million Geographically, the largest ancient civilization in the world (covered the most area)

4. Cities of the Indus Valley Over 1,000 cities and settlements have been discovered Mohenjo-Doro – The most developed and sophisticated city of the Indus River – Archaeologists found gruesome remains when the city was excavated Harrapa – Had about 25,000 people (very large for its time)

5. Ancient ruins of Harrapa

6. A computer-generated image of what Harrapa would have looked like

7. Cities of the Indus Valley Both cities had an advanced system of trade and commerce – This was created by a surplus in agriculture – Domesticated plants like peas, dates, and cotton – Domesticated animals like the water buffalo Seals were used to mark property, evidence of a written language

8. Make Your Own Seal In your Interactive Notebook, create your own seal which you would use to mark your possessions Include symbols that are important to you – This could be an animal, letters, logos and anything else that is special to you

9. Cities of the Indus Valley Cities used advanced engineering systems to create a water supply and sanitation systems – Created the world’s first flush toilets – Created drainage systems to prevent flooding houses and had their own private water well City streets were based on a grid system

10. Remains of the Indus Valley Civilization

11. The Indus River The largest river in South Asia People have dealt with flooding for thousands of years Today, about 200 million people live in the Indus River floodplain

12. Maurya Empire Lasted from 321 B.C. to 185 B.C. (about 150 years) Mostly in modern-day India. Parts in modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and Iran Population is estimated between 50-60 million 320 B.C. 305 B.C. 300 B.C.

13. Maurya Empire Founded by Chandragupta Maurya when he was only 20 years old Developed a trading network across South Asia – Created a system of finance, administration, and security Ashoka the Great (the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya) spread the teachings of Buddha – After witnessing a devastating war that killed thousands, he renounced war and violence

14. Gupta Empire Lasted 320-550 AD (about 130 years) Founded by Maharaja Sri-Gupta

15. Gupta Empire Many inventions and scientific discoveries – Called the “Golden Age of India” Developed Arabic numerals, the basis of our number system – Created the concept of zero and the decimal system

16. Mughal Empire Lasted 1526-1858 (332 years) Estimated population of 150 million Under the rule of Akbar the Great, the Empire enjoyed cultural and economic success Spread Islam throughout South Asia

17. Mughal Empire Famous architecture: Lalbagh Fort Taj Mahal Red Fort in Delhi Jama Mosque

18. Caste System The caste system in India has been around for over 2,000 years Jatis- Translated as “thus born” – People in India are born into categories in which their professions have already been chosen – People marry within their caste There are 5 different levels within the Caste System

19. Caste System Brahman- Priests and other holy men

20. Caste System Kshatriyas- Rulers, warriors, and land owners

21. Caste System Vaishyas- Merchants and traders

22. Caste System Shudras- Artisans and farmers

23. Caste System Harijans- Outside the Caste System, known as “Untouchables”

24. Ghandi

25. British Rule