1. Eddie Locklear 4-H Afterschool Director National 4-H Council Quality Afterschool Programs How Do You Know When You Have Them? A Youth Development Perspective!

2. Objectives Participants will: Increase knowledge of youth development conceptsIncrease knowledge of youth development concepts Increase knowledge of essential elements of youth developmentIncrease knowledge of essential elements of youth development Learn strategies to achieve youth development outcomesLearn strategies to achieve youth development outcomes

3. NSACA (NAA) Standards Human RelationshipsHuman Relationships Indoor EnvironmentsIndoor Environments Outdoor EnvironmentsOutdoor Environments ActivitiesActivities Safety, Health, NutritionSafety, Health, Nutrition AdministrationAdministration

4. SACERS Categories Space and FurnishingsSpace and Furnishings Health and SafetyHealth and Safety ActivitiesActivities InteractionsInteractions Program StructureProgram Structure Staff DevelopmentStaff Development Special Needs Supplementary ItemsSpecial Needs Supplementary Items

5. Required Elements of Quality Child Care, School-Age Care, and Out-of- School Programs for Older Youth and Teens Experiences to Promote Physical, Cognitive, Social, Emotional Development of Children/Youth and Strengthen Family Relationships Educational Experiences to Promote Learning Caregiving Experiences that: - Nurture - Guide - Protect - Meet Basic Needs Quality Child Care, School-Age Care, and Out-of-School Programs for Older Youth and Teens Care Development Education Source: Cooperative Extension System Extension “Cares” for America’s Children and Youth Initiative March, 2001

6. What Is Youth Development? The natural process of developing one’s capacities Occurs through youth’s daily experiences with people, places, and environment Too important to be left to chance

7. Positive Youth Development An intentional process that promotes positive outcomes Provides opportunities, relationships, and the support to fully participate Youth development takes place in families, peer groups, schools, after- school programs, neighborhoods and communities

8. Important Changes In Young Peoples’ Lives Biological and Physical Cognitive Psychosocial

9. Important Needs of Youth Physiological Safety and Structure Belonging/Membership Closeness/Relationships Competency/Mastery Independence/Control of one’s life Self Worth/Contribution Capacity to enjoy life

10. Competencies Needed By Youth Health/Physical Personal/Social Cognitive/Creative Vocational/Citizenship

11. Developmental States in Different Domains Children can be in different developmental stages in each developmental area. Source: Cooperative Extension System. Extension "CARES" for America's Children and Youth Initiative, August, 2002.

12. Developmental Stages of Children and Youth Degree of Child Self-Regulation Lower Child's Age in Years 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Early Childhood Middle Childhood Early Adolescence Late Adolescence Early Adulthood Higher Infancy Source: Cooperative Extension System Extension "CARES" for America's Children and Youth Initiative, August, 2002.

13. Contextual Influences on Youth Family Peers After-School Program School Community Work Leisure

14. Essential Elements of Youth Development A positive relationship with a caring adultA positive relationship with a caring adult Safe physical and emotional environmentSafe physical and emotional environment Opportunities to master skills and contentOpportunities to master skills and content Opportunities to practice service to othersOpportunities to practice service to others (continued) ⇨ Source: Prepared and Engaged Youth; National 4-H Impact Assessment Project, 2001; USDA; CSREES

15. Essential Elements of Youth Development Opportunities for self-determination, decision- making and goal settingOpportunities for self-determination, decision- making and goal setting Opportunities to be an active, engaged learnerOpportunities to be an active, engaged learner A positive connection with the futureA positive connection with the future An inclusive atmosphereAn inclusive atmosphere Source: Prepared and Engaged Youth; National 4-H Impact Assessment Project, 2001; USDA; CSREES

16. Key Elements Involve Four Concepts Belonging Mastery Independence Generosity

17. Belonging Positive Relationship with a caring adult An Inclusive environment A safe environment

18. Mastery Engagement in Learning Opportunity for Mastery

19. Independence Opportunity to see oneself as an active participant in the future Opportunity for self-determination

20. Generosity Opportunity to value and practice service to others

21. All Youth will find ways to: Meet Their Basic Needs Build Skills and Values Use their skills, talents, energies and time in ways that make them feel good and powerful

22. All Youth Need: To know they are cared about by others To feel and believe they are capable and successful To know they are able to influence people and events To practice helping others Fun and stimulation

23. If Belonging and Mastery Needs are Unmet: Unattached Guarded Rejecting Lonely Aloof Isolated Distrustful Non-achiever Avoids Risk Fears challenges Unmotivated Gives Up Easily

24. If Independence and Generosity Needs Are Unmet: Submissive Lacks confidence Irresponsible Helplessness Undisciplined Easily influenced Selfish Narcissistic Hardened Anti-Social Exploitative

25. If Belonging and Mastery Needs are met in Negative Ways: Gang Loyalty Craves Affection & Acceptance Promiscuous Clinging Overly-Dependent Overachiever Arrogant Risk-seeker Cheater Workaholic Perseveres Delinquent Skills

26. If Independence and Generosity Needs are met in Negative Ways: Dictatorial Reckless Bully Sexual Prowess Manipulative Rebellious Defies Authority Overly involved Plays Martyr Co-dependent

27. If Belonging and Mastery Needs are met in Positive Ways: Attached Loving Friendly Intimate Social Cooperative Trusting Achieving Successful Creative Problem-solver Motivated Persistent Competent

28. If Independence and Generosity Needs are met in Positive ways: Autonomous Confident Assertive Responsible Inner Control Self-Disciplined Leadership Altruistic Caring Sharing Loyal Empathic Pro-social Supportive

29. The Circle of Meeting Youth Needs Youth characteristics and behaviors impact whether they will get needs met in new situations. Adult responses to needs impact development of characteristics and behaviors in youth. Response - Increases Characteristic or Behavior Behavior or Characteristic Impacts Type of Response Need Met or Unmet

30. Youth Outcomes CompetenceCompetence  Advanced skills in some important subjects of interest CharacterCharacter  Clear, consistent moral precepts that effectively guide behavior CaringCaring  Willingness to respond to the needs and concerns of others (continued) ⇒ (continued) ⇒

31. Youth Outcomes ConfidenceConfidence  Willingness to take on new challenges and expect success ConnectionsConnections  Establishing and maintaining relationships at many levels ContributionsContributions  Making a difference in the lives of others through service

32. Summary Youth / Adult InteractionsYouth / Adult Interactions Appropriate ActivitiesAppropriate Activities Safe Environments (physical & psychological safety)Safe Environments (physical & psychological safety) Developmental Stages of YouthDevelopmental Stages of Youth Inclusive of Education, Youth Development, and CareInclusive of Education, Youth Development, and Care Address the Head, Heart, Hands, & Health of YouthAddress the Head, Heart, Hands, & Health of Youth

33. Resources: Eccles, J., & Gootman, J.A. (2002). Community programs to promote youth development. Washington, D.C. National Academy Press. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309072751/html/1.html http://books.nap.edu/books/0309072751/html/1.html Kress, C.A. (2004). Essential Elements of 4-H Youth Development. CSREES, USDA, Washington, DC www.nsaca.org www.cyfernet.org www.4hafterschool.org (continued) ⇒

34. Resources: www.afterschoolalliance.org afterschool.org (Promising Practices in Afterschool) www.kcyouthnet.org/standards1.asp www.reeusda.gov/extensioncares/ www.schoolagenotes.com/S101.html www.gse.harvard.edu/hfrp/projects/ afterschool/about.html (continued) ⇒

35. Resources: Prepared and Engaged Youth: National 4-H Impact Assessment Project, 2001. USDA, CSREES, Families, 4-H & Nutrition, Washington, D.C. After-School Programs & the K-8 Principal. Standards for Quality School-Age Child Care Revised Edition (1999). National Association of Elementary School Principals, 1615 Duke Street, Alexandria, Virginia. 22314-3483.