1. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
OUT OF THE SHADOWS: Putting Civil Society on the Economic Map of the World Lester M. Salamon OECD Forum on Statistics, Knowledge and Policy Istanbul, June 29, 2007

2. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
THE GLOBAL ASSOCIATIONAL REVOLUTION
For-profit
Sector
Government
Sector
Civil Society Sector

3. TREATMENT OF NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS IN THE SNA
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
TREATMENT OF NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS IN THE SNA
NPISH
Sector
S.15
Households
S.14
General Government
S.13
Nonfinancial Corporations
S.11
Sectors of the SNA System
Type of Institutional Unit
Financial Corporations
S.12 C1
Corporations C2 G
Government Units H
Households
Nonprofit Institutions N1 N2 N3 N4 N5

4. Distinctive Features of NPIs
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Distinctive Features of NPIs
Different production function
Public-goods production
Governance
Revenue structure
Staffing
Tax treatment
Legal treatment

5. NPI Roles and Functions
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
NPI Roles and Functions
The Service Role
The Advocacy Role
The Expressive Role
The Community Building Role
The Value Guardian Role

6. How Can Better Data on Civil Society Help?
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
How Can Better Data on Civil Society Help?
Visibility/Legitimacy
Improve policy-making
Increase transparency/accountability
Improve National Accounts
Chart NPO contribution
Spot trends/problems

7. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

8. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
PROJECT COUNTRIES
Japan
United States
Australia
Israel
Ireland
The
Netherlands
Austria
Spain
Germany
Finland
Belgium
France
Norway
Italy
Sweden
United Kingdom
South Africa
Morocco
Egypt
Uganda
Tanzania
Kenya
South Korea
The Philippines
Thailand
India
Pakistan
Lebanon
Slovakia
Czech Republic
Hungary
Romania
Poland
Venezuela
Colombia
Brazil
Argentina
Mexico
Peru

9. The Scale of Nonprofit Activity, 40 Countries
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
The Scale of Nonprofit Activity, Countries
$1.9 trillion in operating expenditures
48.4 million full time equivalent jobs
4.6% of economically active population

10. If the civil society sector were a country...
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
If the civil society sector were a country...
Country
GDP (trillion $)
United States
$11.7
Japan
4.6
Germany
2.7
United Kingdom
2.1
Civil Society Land
Expenditures (40 Countries)
1.9*
France
1.9
China
1.7
Italy
1.2
Canada
1.0
Spain
1.0
Brazil
0.6
Russia
0.6
* In 2004 U.S. Dollars
Source of GDP Figures: World Bank

11. Civil Society Organization Workforce in context, 40 countries
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Civil Society Organization Workforce in context, 40 countries

12. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Employment in Civil Society Organizations vs. Largest Firms (37 Countries)
Civil Society Organizations*
48 million
Largest Private Companies
4 million
* Including volunteers and religious worship organization workforce, where available.

13. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
CSO workforce as a share of the economically active population, by country

14. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
CSO workforce as a share of the economically active population, by country

15. CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, 36 COUNTRIES
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, 36 COUNTRIES
Paid Workers
56%
Volunteers
44%
n=45.5 million
(including religion)

16. SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY REVENUE (34 COUNTRYAVERAGE)
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY REVENUE (34 COUNTRYAVERAGE)
Philanthropy
12%
Fees
53%
Government34%

17. Global Civil Society Index: Country Scores
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Global Civil Society Index: Country Scores
Country
Capacity
Sustainability
Impact
Total
Netherlands 79 54 89 74
Norway 55 82 59 65
United States 76 54 54 61
Sweden 58 56 67 60
United Kingdom 66 60 50 58
Belgium 65 45 60 57
Israel 70 42 50 54
Ireland 64 45 52 54
Australia 51 46 49 49
France 56 46 44 49
Finland 48 42 50 47
Germany 47 45 47 46
Spain 54 37 30 40
Argentina 48 35 36 40
Tanzania 45 32 38 39
South Africa 44 35 33 37
Uganda 44 37 30 37

18. Global Civil Society Index: Country Scores
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Global Civil Society Index: Country Scores
Austria 35 42 34 37
Japan 38 34 35 36
South Korea 32 38 36 35
Italy 38 37 25 33
Kenya 41 28 29 33
Czech Republic 34 35 25 31
Hungary 38 32 20 30
Brazil 30 31 26 29
Colombia 37 26 22 28
Peru 32 30 22 28
Philippines 30 35 17 27
India 27 30 20 26
Poland 30 38 7 25
Slovakia 32 28 13 24
Mexico 23 29 19 24
Romania 27 26 14 22
Pakistan 26 19 12 19

19. Global Civil Society Index: Country Scores
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Global Civil Society Index: Country Scores
Country
Total
Country
Total
Netherlands 74
Austria 37
Norway 65
Japan 36
United States 61
South Korea 35
Sweden 60
Italy 33
United Kingdom 58
Kenya 33
Belgium 57
Czech Republic 31
Israel 54
Hungary 30
Ireland 54
Brazil 29
Australia 49
Colombia 28
France 49
Peru 28
Finland 47
Philippines 27
Germany 46
India 26
Spain 40
Poland 25
Argentina 40
Slovakia 24
Tanzania 39
Mexico 24
South Africa 37
Romania 22
Uganda 37
Pakistan 19

20. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
THE PROBLEM
Institutionalization
Additional Variables
Relationships with
Other Sectors

21. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

22. KEY REFINEMENTS IN HANDBOOK MEASUREMENT OF NPIs
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
KEY REFINEMENTS IN HANDBOOK MEASUREMENT OF NPIs
Satellite Account

23. TREATMENT OF NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS IN THE SATELLITE ACCOUNT
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
TREATMENT OF NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS IN THE SATELLITE ACCOUNT
Closing Balance Sheet
Generation
of income account
NPISH
Sector
S.15
Households
S.14
General
Gov’t
S.13
Nonfinancial
Corps
S.11
Sectors of the SNA System
Variable
Financial
S.12
Production Account
Nonprofit Sector
N=NPI
NPI
TOTAL

24. KEY REFINEMENTS IN HANDBOOK MEASUREMENT OF NPIs
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
KEY REFINEMENTS IN HANDBOOK MEASUREMENT OF NPIs
Satellite Account
Volunteer labor
Non-market output of market NPIs

25. UN HANDBOOK IMPLEMENTATION
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
PROGRESS TO DATE
UN HANDBOOK IMPLEMENTATION
Eurostat Workshop, December 2002
Briefings: EFC; ISTR; statistical offices in Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Portugal, Kenya, UK, France
European Commission DG XXIII Workshop, April 2004
Partnership agreement with United Nations Volunteers and U.N. Economic Commissions for Latin America, Africa, Asia
Regional Workshops: Latin America, Africa, Asia—Sept Sept. 2005
Implementers Workshops: Latin America, Africa, Asia: May 2005-July 2006
International Advisory Committee Meetings: June 2005, May 2006, May 2007
International Labour Org Agreement on Volunteer Measurement, Mar. 2007

26. U.N. Handbook Implementers and Target Countries
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
U.N. Handbook Implementers and Target Countries
Developing and Transitional Countries
Developed Countries
Europe
Denmark
Germany
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Czech Republic +
Slovakia+
Central Europe
Belgium +
France +
Italy +
Hungary
Poland
Russia
Canada +
United States +
North America
Argentina +
Brazil +**
Peru +
Latin America
Chile
Mexico
Uruguay
Asia
Australia +
Japan+
Korea +
Hong Kong, China
New Zealand +
India **
Philippines +** Kyrgyzstan +**
Asia
Thailand +
Bangladesh
China
Pakistan
Vietnam
Israel +
Africa and Middle East
Other
Cameroon +
Ghana
Kenya +**
Mali **
Morocco +**
Egypt
Mozambique **
Nigeria
Tanzania
South Africa +**
Uganda +
Zimbabwe+
As of May, 2007
+ committed
** = UN Volunteers countries (9)

27. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Completed Satellite Accounts (9)
Australia Israel
Belgium * Italy
Canada * Japan
Czech Republic United States *
France
* Multiple satellite account editions available
Release of Satellite Account Imminent (3)
Argentina
Brazil
New Zealand

28. NPI Value Added as % of GDP, 7 Countries
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
NPI Value Added as % of GDP, Countries
Volunteers
Without Volunteers
7.9%
4.2%
5.1%
5.6%
4.9%
Australia
(1999)
Belgium
(2001)
Canada
(1997)
France
(2002)
Italy
USA
(2003) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5.6%

29. Value Added as % of GDP, NPIs vs. Selected Industries, Canada, 2000
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Value Added as % of GDP, NPIs vs. Selected Industries, Canada, 2000
% of GDP
5.1%
6.1%
7.9%
2.3%
1.5%
1.4%
Volunteers
NPIs
Retail Trade
Mining, oil & gas extractions
Nonprofit sector
Accommodations & food services
Agriculture
Motor Vehicle Manufacturing

30. Value Added as % of GDP, NPIs* vs. Selected Industries, Belgium, 2003
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Value Added as % of GDP, NPIs* vs. Selected Industries, Belgium, 2003
% of GDP
4.8%
5.0 %
2.4%
1.1%
1.6%
Hotels & Restaurants
Construction
NPIs
Utilities
Agriculture & Fishing
* Without Volunteers

31. NPI Share of Belgian Value Added, Selected Fields
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
NPI Share of Belgian Value Added, Selected Fields
SOCIAL SERVICES
66.6%
HEALTH
42.7%
CULTURE & RECREATION
26%
10%
50%
80%
Percent of Total Value

32. Labor Intensity of NPIs vs. Nonfinancial Corporations, 6 Countries
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Labor Intensity of NPIs vs. Nonfinancial Corporations, 6 Countries 20 30 40 50 60
NPIs
57%
Employee Compensation as % of Total Expenditure
Nonfinancial Corps.
30% 10

33. Growth of NPIs vs. Total Economy, 4 Countries
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Growth of NPIs vs. Total Economy, Countries
NPIs
Overall GDP
6.7%
6.6%
6.4%
6.1%
6.0%
6.0% 6 5
4.8% 4
Average Annual % Change in Value Added
3.3%
2.9% 3 2 1
-0.7%
4 Country Average
U.S.A.
Belgium
Japan
Canada

34. Philanthropy as share of GDP, selected countries, 1995-2004
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Philanthropy as share of GDP, selected countries,

35. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
Contributions of Time vs. Contributions of Cash as Share of Private Philanthropy
68.5%
70%
60%
50%
Ratio of Assets to Expenditures
40%
31.5%
30%
20%
10%
Contributions of Time
Contributions of Cash

36. UN HANDBOOK IMPLEMENTATION
The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies
NEXT STEPS
UN HANDBOOK IMPLEMENTATION
Convene Global Assembly: Sep , 2007
Develop, Secure Approval for, and Implement ILO Manual on Volunteer work
Extend HB Coverage to New Countries
Create CIVINET (Civil Society Information Network)