Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Gradient CORPORATION Corrales Environmental Air Quality Health Evaluation Prepared for New Mexico Environment Department By Chris Long, ScD; Mara Seeley,

Published byAlicia Sutton Modified over 9 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Gradient CORPORATION Corrales Environmental Air Quality Health Evaluation Prepared for New Mexico Environment Department By Chris Long, ScD; Mara Seeley,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Gradient CORPORATION Corrales Environmental Air Quality Health Evaluation Prepared for New Mexico Environment Department By Chris Long, ScD; Mara Seeley, Ph.D., DABT; Peter Valberg, Ph.D. Presented by Mara Seeley, Ph.D., DABT Senior Toxicologist Gradient Corporation April 1, 2004

2 Gradient CORPORATION Purpose of Health Evaluation Determine whether chemicals in outdoor air in the vicinity of Corrales, New Mexico are likely to cause adverse health effects

3 Gradient CORPORATION Overview of Health Evaluation Comprehensive analysis Evaluated 81 chemicals Monitoring data – for both ambient chemicals and chemicals in Intel emissions Modeling data – for chemicals in Intel emissions Maximum air concentrations compared to health- protective toxicity criteria (i.e. air concentrations at which adverse health effects are unlikely to occur) Both monitored and modeled maximum air concentrations are below health-protective toxicity criteria

4 Gradient CORPORATION Outline Background on Toxicology and Risk Assessment Corrales Environmental Air Quality Health Evaluation Chemicals of Concern Air Concentrations Acute (Short-term) Exposures Chronic (Long-term) Exposures Chemical Interactions Uncertainties

5 Toxicology Guiding Principle: The dose makes the poison “All substances are poisons: there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy.” Paracelsus (1493-1541) Gradient CORPORATION

6 The Dose Response Relationship The larger the dose, the greater the effect Gradient CORPORATION

7 The Dose Response Relationship (cont.) 100 0 0 Liver Effects Dose Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) Example: Aspirin Therapeutic Effect Level

8 Risk Assessment Determine whether a specified level of exposure to a chemical may cause adverse health effects Gradient CORPORATION

9  Identify potential toxic effects The Four Components of Risk Assessment Hazard Identification  How much of each chemical causes what effects?  Identify levels of concern  Identify chemicals of concern  Who is exposed and how?  Estimate exposure level  Compare exposure levels with levels of concern Dose- Response Exposure Assessment Risk Characterization Gradient CORPORATION

10 Hazard Identification – Typical Health Endpoints Cancer Any site Non-cancer effects: Nervous system Development of offspring Reproduction Respiratory system Immune system Specific organs Gradient CORPORATION

11 The Reference Concentration (RfC) Concentration of a chemical in air at which adverse health effects are not likely to occur in humans, including susceptible individuals RfC = NOAEL or LOAEL Uncertainty Factors Gradient CORPORATION No-Observed Adverse Effect Level Lowest-Observed Adverse Effect Level

12 Dealing with Uncertainty Make health-protective assumptions about toxicity Reduce allowable exposure by factors of 10 to account for: Inter-species variation (animal human) Intra-species variation (human human) Use of lowest-observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) instead of no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) Can result in a reference concentration (RfC) 10 – 1,000-fold lower than the NOAEL Gradient CORPORATION

13 Evaluation of Non-Cancer Inhalation Hazards Calculate a hazard quotient Gradient CORPORATION If hazard quotient  1, then adverse health effects not likely Hazard Quotient = Exposure Concentration Reference Concentration (RfC)

14 Evaluation of Inhalation Cancer Risks Gradient CORPORATION Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk = EC x UR Exposure Concentration Unit Risk = Cancer risk per unit concentration of chemical in air Acceptable Target Range for Excess Risk: < 1 in a million to 1 in 10,000 Background Lifetime Cancer Risk in General Population: 1 in 3

15 Effects of Combined Exposures Independence 2 + 3 = 3 Additivity 2 + 3 = 5 Synergism 2 + 3 = 15 e.g., lung cancer due to smoking and asbestos Potentiation 0 + 3 = 6 e.g., isopropyl alcohol and carbon tetrachloride Antagonism 2 + 3 = 1 e.g., ethanol and ethylene glycol Gradient CORPORATION

16 Key Elements of Corrales Health Evaluation Identify chemicals of concern based on available air monitoring and modeling data Estimate air exposure concentrations based on available air monitoring and modeling data Identify reference concentrations (RfCs) for chemicals of concern Evaluate potential for adverse health outcomes based on estimated exposure concentrations and toxicity

17 Fugitive Dust Exposure Sources Exposure Environments Effects Industry modeling data Agriculture Heating & Combustion Traffic Ambient (Outdoor) Air Monitoring data Potential Health Response Indoor Air at Home School/ Workplace Indoor Air Hobbies, Pets, and Lifestyle Activities Personal Exposure Air

18 Gradient CORPORATION Identify Chemicals of Concern Air Monitoring Data (NMED, TRC-Intel) Short-term ambient air concentrations Chemicals frequently detected: Common criteria pollutants (e.g., carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone), ammonia, methanol, tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane Air Modeling Data (Desert Research Institute) Short-term and chronic exposure concentrations Chemicals present in Intel emissions: Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol), methanol, hydrogen fluoride, hexafluoroethane, hydrogen chloride, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (PGMEA)

19

20 Gradient CORPORATION Identify Chemicals of Concern (cont.) Included: All positively identified chemicals detected at least once in 1- hour and 24-hour canister samples Both frequently and occasionally detected chemicals from OP-FTIR sampling All chemicals, including tentatively identified chemicals, detected in 15-second citizen canister samples Chemicals present in Intel emissions Did not include: Tentatively identified chemicals detected only once in 1-hour and 24-hour canister samples (consistent with USEPA guidance)

21 Summary of Chemicals of Concern (COCs) in the Risk Evaluation AcetaldehydeChloroformHydrogen chloridePhosphine AcetoneChloromethaneHydrogen cyanidePropane AcetyleneTotal CresolsHydrogen fluoride2-Propanol (isopropyl alcohol) AcrylonitrileCyclohexanoneMethanolPropionaldehyde AmmoniaDecanal2-Methyl ButanePropylyene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Ammonium chloride1,2-DichloroetheneMethyl methacrylateSilicon tetrahydride ArsineDicholorodifluoromethane (Freon 12)Methyl n-amyl ketoneStyrene Benzaldehyde1,1-DifluoroethaneMethylene ChlorideSulfur dioxide BenzeneEthanol2-MethylpentaneSulfur hexafluoride BromoformEthyl silicate2-Methylpropane (isobutane)Sulfuric acid Butane3-Ethyl-2,2-dimethylpentaneNitric acidTetrachloroethene 2-ButanoneEthylbenzeneNitric oxide1,1,1,2 Tetrafluoroethane n-Butyl acetateEthylcyclobutaneNitrogen dioxideTetrafluoromethane n-Butyl alcoholEthyleneNitrogen trifluorideToluene n-ButyraldehydeEthylene glycolNitrous oxideTrichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11) Carbon MonoxideFormaldehydeNonanal1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Carbon TetrachlorideHeptanalOctafluorocyclobutane3,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo 3.1.1 hetp-2-ene Carbonyl fluorideHexafluoroethaneOctanalUndecane Carbonyl SulfideHexanalOzoneTotal Xylenes Chlorinen-HexanePentane ChlorodifluoromethaneHydrogen bromidePhosgene

22 Gradient CORPORATION Estimate Air Exposure Concentrations Short-term Exposures Assume individuals present at all times and locations coinciding with short-term peak air concentrations (monitored or modeled) Use maximum 1-hour data wherever possible Chronic Exposures Assume individuals present at all times and locations coinciding with maximum modeled air concentrations 24 hours/day 350 days/year 30 years

23 Gradient CORPORATION Reference Concentrations (RfCs) for Evaluating Short-term Inhalation Hazards 1-hour exposure period Non-cancer and cancer effects Protective of susceptible populations (e.g., infants, the elderly) Level 1 – lowest, most protective values Group 1 (most preferred) ERPG-1 (Emergency Response Planning Guidelines)  American Industrial Hygiene Association AEGL-1 (Acute Exposure Guideline Level)  National Academy of Sciences

24 Gradient CORPORATION Reference Concentrations (RfCs) for Evaluating Short-term Inhalation Hazards (cont.) Non-cancer effects Protective of sensitive subgroups Group 2 Acute Inhalation MRL (Minimal Risk Level)  Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry  1-14 day exposure period Acute REL (Reference Exposure Level)  California EPA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment  1 – several hours, intermittent exposure

25 Gradient CORPORATION Reference Concentrations (RfCs) for Evaluating Short-term Inhalation Hazards (cont.) Group 3 TEEL-0 (Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit) U.S. Department of Energy 15 minute exposure Group 4 (when other sources not available) Short-term ESL (Effects Screening Level) Texas Commission on Environmental Quality 1-hour exposure Adverse health effects, odor, environmental, corrosion Gradient-derived values Based on acute toxicity criteria for structurally similar compounds

26 Gradient CORPORATION Evaluate Potential for Acute Health Effects Acute hazard quotients for individual chemicals summed for total acute hazard index Assumes exposures to maximum air concentrations occurred simultaneously and at the same location If acute hazard index  1, then adverse effects not expected If hazard index > 1, there may be concern for potential health effects RfC acute C acute HQ acute  Acute hazard quotient (unitless) Acute (i.e., 1-hour maximum) air concentration Acute reference concentration

27 Gradient CORPORATION Summary of Hazard Indices – Sampling Locations Outside Intel Property Overall Summed HI Sampling DatasetsModeling Data

28 Summary of Hazard Indices – TRC-Intel Property Line Data Hazard Quotient (HQ) for Maximum 1-Hour Exposure TRC 8/1 – 8/9/03 NW-S Intel Property LineTRC 8/12 – 8/21/03 NW-E Intel Property Line Hazard Quotient (HQ) for Maximum 1-Hour Exposure TRC 8/21 – 9/7/03 SE Intel Property Line Hazard Quotient (HQ) for Maximum 1-Hour Exposure

29 Gradient CORPORATION Criteria for Evaluating Chronic Inhalation Hazards Reference Concentrations (RfCs) – for non-cancer hazards USEPA values Derive from inhalation or oral reference dose (RfD) Inhalation Unit Risks (URs) – for cancer risks USEPA values

30 Gradient CORPORATION Evaluate Potential for Chronic Non-Cancer Health Effects Chronic hazard quotients (CHQ) for individual chemicals summed for total hazard index for all chemicals If chronic hazard index  1, then adverse effects not expected If hazard index > 1, there may be concern for potential health effects RfC chronic C HQ chronic chronic  Chronic hazard quotient Average annual air concentration Chronic reference concentration

31 Gradient CORPORATION Summary of Chronic Non-Cancer Health Hazards CompoundHazard Quotient Acetone0.000 000 2 Ammonia0.000 39 Chlorine0.043 1,2-Dichloroethylene (mixed cis/trans)0.000 005 Ethylene Glycol0.000 000 11 Hydrogen chloride0.000 005 5 Hydrogen cyanide0.000 005 2 Methanol0.000 000 61 Sulfuric Acid0.000 004 5 Total Xylenes (mixed o,m,p)0.000 000 43 Total Summed Hazard Index0.043 411 55

32 Gradient CORPORATION Evaluate Potential for Cancer Risks Cancer Risk = Air Exposure Concentration x (Cancer Risk per Unit Concentration in Air) Cancer risk for carbon tetrachloride: = 8 in 10 billion (in addition to background cancer risk of 0.33)

33 Gradient CORPORATION Effects of Combined Exposures Synergistic effects are unlikely to occur Our analysis assumed effects are additive For concentrations at or below no- observed adverse effect level, effects of combined exposure are usually either independent or additive

34 Gradient CORPORATION Uncertainties in Health Evaluation Not Likely to Underestimate Health Effects Uncertainties in Data Collection and Analysis Utilized limited monitoring data to maximum extent possible Monitoring data confirmed by modeling results Included tentatively identified chemicals in health evaluation Exposure Assessment Used maximum concentrations detected for monitoring data Used maximum predicted concentrations from modeling results Toxicity Assessment Uncertainty factors account for potential differences in sensitivity between animals-humans and humans-humans Chronic reference concentrations (RfCs) not available for all chemicals evaluated for chronic exposure scenario Maximum modeled annual average concentrations without chronic RfCs all well-below TCEQ long-term ESLs

35 Gradient CORPORATION Conclusions Acute health effects are unlikely to occur due to Intel emissions Acute hazard indexes for exposures occurring simultaneously all < 1 Chronic health effects are unlikely to occur due to Intel emissions Total chronic hazard index < 1 Cancer Risk = 8 in 10 billion (compared to background cancer risk of 1 in 3)

Download ppt "Gradient CORPORATION Corrales Environmental Air Quality Health Evaluation Prepared for New Mexico Environment Department By Chris Long, ScD; Mara Seeley,"

Similar presentations

Trichloroethylene (TCE) Toxicity Values Update Waste Site Cleanup Advisory Committee Meeting March 27, 2014 C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. Deputy Director Office.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) Toxicity Values Update Waste Site Cleanup Advisory Committee Meeting March 27, 2014 C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. Deputy Director Office.
Regulatory Toxicology James Swenberg, D.V.M., Ph.D.

Regulatory Toxicology James Swenberg, D.V.M., Ph.D.
Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation,

Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation,
Risk Assessment.

Risk Assessment.
1 Risk assessment: overview and principles –Risk principles –Steps in risk assessment –Risk calculation –Toxicology.

1 Risk assessment: overview and principles –Risk principles –Steps in risk assessment –Risk calculation –Toxicology.
Assessing Dose and Potency of Chemicals Robert Blaisdell, Ph.D, Chief Exposure Modeling Section Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.

Assessing Dose and Potency of Chemicals Robert Blaisdell, Ph.D, Chief Exposure Modeling Section Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.
It Takes a Village to Raise a Child Roberta L. Grant, Ph.D. Toxicology Section - Chief Engineer’s Office Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.

It Takes a Village to Raise a Child Roberta L. Grant, Ph.D. Toxicology Section - Chief Engineer’s Office Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.
NSF/ANSI STANDARD 61 FRAMEWORK FOR RISK ASSESSMENTS For use by Toxicology Sub-committee only Please do not copy or distribute.

NSF/ANSI STANDARD 61 FRAMEWORK FOR RISK ASSESSMENTS For use by Toxicology Sub-committee only Please do not copy or distribute.
Toxic New Source Review Lance Ericksen Engineering Division Manager MBUAPCD.

Toxic New Source Review Lance Ericksen Engineering Division Manager MBUAPCD.
Sources of Uncertainty and Current Practice for Addressing Them: Toxicological Perspective David A. Bussard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The views.

Sources of Uncertainty and Current Practice for Addressing Them: Toxicological Perspective David A. Bussard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The views.
Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Integrated Assessment of Particulate Matter Exposure and Health Impacts Sonia Yeh.

Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Integrated Assessment of Particulate Matter Exposure and Health Impacts Sonia Yeh.
Copyright 2002 Marc Rigas Issues in Exposure Assessment Marc L. Rigas, Ph.D. National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Copyright 2002 Marc Rigas Issues in Exposure Assessment Marc L. Rigas, Ph.D. National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Laws to Prevent and Reduce Air Pollution Unit 4. Human Input of Pollutants into Troposphere Nitrogen and Sulfur compounds released by burning fossil fuels.

Laws to Prevent and Reduce Air Pollution Unit 4. Human Input of Pollutants into Troposphere Nitrogen and Sulfur compounds released by burning fossil fuels.
Toxicity Evaluation of Chemicals with Limited Toxicity Data Roberta L. Grant, Ph.D. Toxicology Division - Chief Engineer’s Office Texas Commission on Environmental.

Toxicity Evaluation of Chemicals with Limited Toxicity Data Roberta L. Grant, Ph.D. Toxicology Division - Chief Engineer’s Office Texas Commission on Environmental.
TCEQ/NUATRC Air Toxics Workshop: Session V – Human Health Effects Nathan Pechacek, M.S. Toxicology Section Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

TCEQ/NUATRC Air Toxics Workshop: Session V – Human Health Effects Nathan Pechacek, M.S. Toxicology Section Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Lynn H. Pottenger, PhD, DABT The Dow Chemical Company

Lynn H. Pottenger, PhD, DABT The Dow Chemical Company
BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW Dawn A. Ioven Senior Toxicologist U.S. EPA – Region III 4 April 2012.

BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW Dawn A. Ioven Senior Toxicologist U.S. EPA – Region III 4 April 2012.
Risk Assessment for Air Pollution Control Permits Joel Leon, Bureau of Technical Services April 9, 2014 1 Presented by – ACE academy New Jersey Department.

Risk Assessment for Air Pollution Control Permits Joel Leon, Bureau of Technical Services April 9, Presented by – ACE academy New Jersey Department.
CE 3231 - Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science Readings for This Class: Chapter 4 O hio N orthern U niversity Introduction Chemistry,

CE Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science Readings for This Class: Chapter 4 O hio N orthern U niversity Introduction Chemistry,
(IAQ). What is Risk Assessment? Risk assessment: provides information on the health risk Characterizes the potential adverse health effects of human exposures.

(IAQ). What is Risk Assessment? Risk assessment: provides information on the health risk Characterizes the potential adverse health effects of human exposures.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google