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The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan School of Education University of California, Irvine
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How important are school-entry and K-5 mathematics skills for: School achievement School achievement High school completion and college enrollment High school completion and college enrollment Crime in early adulthood Crime in early adulthood
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Early Skills and Behaviors AchievementAttention Problem Behaviors Description:Concrete math and reading skills Ability to control impulses and focus on tasks i) Ability to get along with others ii) Sound mental health Example test areas or question wording: Knowing letters and numbers; beginning word sounds, word problems Can’t sit still; can’t concentrate; score from a computer test of impulse control i) Cheats or tells lies, bullies, is disobedient at school ii) Is sad, moody
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Simple associations with later achievement Duncan et al., Developmental Psychology, 2007
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Simple associations with later achievement
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Effects on later achievement
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Effects of persistent K-5 problems on high school dropout
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Effects of persistent K-5 problems on never attending college
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Summary Early math skills (controlling IQ) correlated most strongly with future school achievement Early math skills (controlling IQ) correlated most strongly with future school achievement Children with persistently low K-5 math skills: Children with persistently low K-5 math skills: –More likely to drop out of high school –Considerably less likely to attend college
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Greg J. Duncan gduncan@uci.edu School of Education University of California, Irvine
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