1. Drugs and Sporting Performance
LO: You will know -
The kinds of drugs used
What they do
Why they are banned in international competitions

2. Drugs and Sport
In sport, the taking of drugs to illegally improve performance is known as doping, and is a major problem.
A drug is a chemical substance that brings about changes within the body. Most drugs were developed as medicines, but they all have possible side effects and often cause damage to the body if abused.
Even a simple cold remedy can cause side effects....does anyone know what this is?

3. Legal BUT Harmful
Alcohol
Tobacco

4. Drugs and the IOC Stimulants Corticosteroids Marijuana
There are a number of drugs used in sport and the IOC has put them into 2 groups
Banned Drugs
Restricted Drugs
Stimulants
Narcotic Analgesics
Anabolic Agents (steroids)
Peptide Hormones
Diuretics
Corticosteroids
Marijuana
Alcohol
Beta Blockers

5. Banned Drugs Stimulants Stimulants – benefit to performer
Speed up your reactions and increase agression
Make you feel less pain
Stimulants – Side effects
Feeling less pain can cause an athlete to train too hard.
They can lead to – high blood pressure, heart and liver problems and strokes
They are addictive
Amphetamines are one of the most commonly used can you name another stimulant we use everyday?

6. Caffeine – Found in coffee and tea!!
FACT: Caffeine used to be banned over a certain limit. However, as of the 2004 Olympics, it became a monitored substance. This means that any amount is legal, but its use is being monitored in case it gets misused.

7. Narcotic analgesics – benefit to performer
Kill pain so that the athlete can train longer and harder and when injured to improve their performance
Narcotic analgesics – Side effect
They are addictive with unpleasant withdrawl symptoms
Feeling less pain can make an athlete train too hard
They can lead to constipation and low blood pressure
The most common forms of narcotic analgesics are codeine, morphine and heroin – can someone tell me where a mild form of these are found in a product used everyday by us?

8. Anabolic Agents (steroids) – Benefit to performer
Increased muscle size
Allow athlete to train harder
(It is similar to what the male hormone Does to the body, can anyone tell that hormone?)
Anabolic Agents (steroids) – Side effects
Can cause – high blood pressure, heart disease, infertility and cancer
Women may grow facial and body hair and their voice may deepen
Can cause long term damage to major organs of the body
Athletes can become very agressive

9. Peptide Hormones – Benefit to performer
Peptide Hormones also known as Growth Hormones – they have a similar effect to anabolic agents
Peptide Hormones – Benefit to performer
Increase growth of muscle (improves strength and bulk)
Bones grow bigger and faster (can cause a person to get taller)
Peptide Hormones – side effects
High Blood pressure and strokes
Abnormal growth
A loss of fertility can occur in both men and women
EPO – (Erythropoietin) has a similar effect to blood doping which will will be looking at later on in the PowerPoint.

10. Diuretics
Diuretics – Benefit to performer
Make you urinate, causing weight loss
Can flush out traces of other drugs used
Diuretics – side effects
Causes rapid water loss which leads to dehydration
Due to a loss of salts in the body can lead to cramps and muscle fatigue
One sport where weight is a target is horse racing......can you think of some more???

11. Restricted Drugs Beta Blockers
Lower heart rate, steady shaken hands and reduce anxiety – this allows the athlete to remain calm by slowing the heart rate and breathing and control their nerves in a competition
Corticosteroids
They help reduce pain and inflamation – helping athlete to carry on with participation in sport when they have minor injuries
Alcohol
People will use a small quantity of alcohol to calm their nerves – even though this is a legal drug it is still restricted in some sports
Local Anaesthetics
They reduce pain, might be allowed for medical purposes
Marijuana
Calm athletes down by making them more relaxed, helps athletes overcome nerves

12. discuss a sport/sports where drinking alcohol could be very dangerous
Task:
In groups -
discuss a sport/sports where drinking alcohol could be very dangerous
think of 2 sports where beta blockers may be of use to a performer
think of 2 minor injuries where corticosteroids may be of use
Strained Back
Sprained Ankle

13. The testing procedure
Athletes have to follow strict procedures for drugs testing and these procedures mean that athletes samples can be double checked. If they are guilty however they can be banned for life!
Drugs
any
Athletes can be tested for at Time, they do not have to be in competition. When a urine sample is taken, it is divided into bottles to give an A and a B sample. If are found in sample A, then the B sample is tested to the result. If the athlete is found of taking drugs, they will be from competing to give a sample carries the same penalties as failing a drugs test. If anyone is found to have with the sample after it has been given, this also carries serious penalties.
two
drugs
double
check
guilty
banned
Failure
tampered

14. Blood Doping
Blood doping is an illegal process, but is sometimes used to improve the oxygen carrying capacity of the body. As a result, it could give an advantage to those involved in sports requiring endurance.
How is it Carried Out?
A few months before an important competition, up to a pint of blood is taken from the body. The blood is then stored.
In just over a week, the body has replaced the removed blood.
Shortly before competition, the stored blood is put back into the body.

15. Blood doping is extremely dangerous and likely to have the following effects:
There is a high risk of infection (blood poisoning such as AIDS), as the process is not done under medical conditions.
Capillaries can become blocked due to the extra blood which is now in the system.
The kidneys have to work harder to ‘clean’ the extra blood, and may become damaged.
The cardiovascular system may become overloaded and fail to function properly.