1. Intro to Human Anatomy
Chapter 1

2. Which has more new discoveries?
What’s the Difference?
ANATOMY
PHYSIOLOGY
Which has more new discoveries?

3. Anatomy or Physiology?
To send a nerve impulse, sodium and potassium ions must switch places in the cell
The human tailbone is a fusion of multiple vertebrae
When the bicep muscle contracts, it pulls on tendons and ligaments which move the lower arm

4. Homeostasis Maintaining a stable internal environment
Organ systems function to maintain homeostasis
Examples?

5. Homeostasis Homeostatic mechanisms work by:
Having a set point (normal, balanced)
Receptors in the body detect deviations or stimulus
Increase or decrease past the set point
Trigger a set of events to bring the situation back to normal

6. Blood Sugar Regulation

7. Homeostasis
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK – Correction occurs opposite direction of stimulus
Examples:
Body temp rises; cooling mechanisms activated
Body temp drops; heating mechanisms activated
Other examples?

8. Homeostasis
POSITIVE FEEDBACK - Stimulus amplifies response in the same direction
Examples:
Chemicals present in a blood clot lead to more clotting
A baby drinking mother’s milk causes more milk production
Pressure in the uterus during childbirth leads to stronger contractions

9. Homeostasis VITAL SIGNS What is measured in a test of vital signs?
A measure of homeostasis
Indicate that someone is alive
What is measured in a test of vital signs?

10. Organization of the Body
Lots of vocabulary to describe the body
Why?
Allows doctors to communicate as clearly as possible
Which would you rather hear as a surgeon?
“It hurts in the left upper side of my chest.”
“I’m having pain in the left lateral pleural cavity, superior to the heart.”

11. Organization of the Body
Many body cavities lined by membranes
PARIETAL –
lines body cavity
VISCERAL –
covers organ

12. Organization of the Body
Always refer to body in ANATOMICAL POSITION
Face forward
Palms forward
Note: Right and left refer to the patient

13. Organization of the Body
To observe different sections, we cut the body along various imaginary planes
SAGITTAL (median)
FRONTAL (coronal)
TRANSVERSE (horizontal)

14. Organization of the Body

15. What does this mean?
The lesion is located in the right thorax just lateral to the mid-sagittal plane.