1. Opening Provocations Cristina Botella. Universitat Jaume I (Spain) Andrew Raij, University of South Florida (Tampa, FL, USA) Oct 16, 2012

2. Theme 1.Computationally-modeling health-decision making processes 2.Especially the dynamic nature of such processes 3.In a way that cross-cuts health behavior- change silos, and 4.Incorporates irrationality.

3. Importance of Decision-Making Models  Predict future health behaviors  Precise, real-time, opportunistic intervention  Tailored to the individual and context

4. What Should be in this Model?  Weighted Behavioral Determinants  Individual History  …  Behaviors  Interventions  …  Feedback  Personalization  State Machines ... Inputs Outputs Processes

5. Behavioral Determinants  Attitudes, Motivations, Cognitions, Emotions, Goals, Rewards, Incentives, Self-efficacy, Self-regulation, Social Context, Psychological Context, Physical Context, …  Practical?  Imagine _______ a model with all of these components…  Designing  Studying  Testing  Programming  Teaching …………

6. How Do We Simplify?  Hierarchical models  Can a combination of simpler sub- models capture real-world complexity?  Dimensionality reduction  What are the most important inputs?  Can we leverage population models?  Can we focus on t = now?

7. Integrating Dynamics  Can we do dynamism by ignoring it?  If conditions X are true, then do behavior/intervention Y  How do we determine the timing of an intervention?  Need a model that can monitor the near-past, now, and the near-future  Predict need for intervention in advance  Determine need for intervention during or after event

8. Integrating Irrationality  Can we predict irrationality or is it unpredictable by definition?  Is it deterministic, random or somewhere in between?  Can irrationality be modeled as “random error/noise” in the system(s)?

9. Self-control dilemmas Which simple heuristic are people using in these situations?

10.  Emotions are part of homeostatic regulation and are rooted in reward/punishment mechanisms. Antonio Damasio - Descartes' Error - The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness - Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain - Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain

11. Crowd Researching Show people that they can get a healthier society

12. iPhone Ecological Momentary Motivation Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) How could we provide people the key information at the key moment, helping them to do the “right” choices? That is, how could we use ICTs tools in order to provide people with useful and “non- irrational” heuristics? ICTs pervasive tools embedded in the environment to serve people as guides and motivational devices helping them to achieve “savvy decisions”.

13. Merging Behavior Change Silos  This meeting!  Training next generation to work in both worlds  Support sharing through standards (de-facto?)  Language  Tools  Data and data formats  Data processing/modeling

14. Other Thoughts & Questions?  How much data do we need to build a good model? Is the BIG DATA approach feasible?  Are we missing any determinants of behavior? Intervention types?  What simple heuristics, such as emotion, can we use?  Can we use VR environments to practice difficult situations in advance?  Where does error and bias fit in to the model?  How do we ensure this model is safe?

15. I “need” to be conected Some ethical cautions