1. HISTORY OF MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT

2. ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT Before 1800 1- What happened in Neolitic Agricultural Revolution (10000yrs)? 2- Roman Empire time 3- Soil conservation practices in China, India, Peru (2000 yrs) 4- 14-16 Century Epidemic diseases in Europa (Black death -plague) After 1800 1- What happened in Industrial revolution? Human population? Pollution? Usage of resources? 2-What happened in Green Revolution? Modern agriculture? Mechanical tools in fishing and farming. Consequences

3. Two philosophical perspectives 1- who see the reason to conserve nature being to continue to supply goods and services to humankind in a sustainable way (environmental managers). 2- who believe that we should conserve nature unconditionally for its spiritual value (deep and self reliance ecologist) Do we save environment for our sake or for its sake?

4. Foundation of environmental movements: three basic principles 1- Natural resources are not infinite. 2- Our natural environment and the life within it must be preserved for future generations to enjoy and exploit. 3- The pollution that we generate and our activities endangered life on Earth.

5. Who is involved in the env. Movements? Influential individuals (authors). NGO (non governmental organizations) Corporate business Governments Intergovernmental bodies (UN, UNEP, WWF)

6. Influential individuals (authors). A Sand County Almanac (Aldo Leoplods) The Last Mohicans (James Fenimore Cooper) The Pioneers and The Prairie Man and Nature (George Perkins Marsh) Silent Spring (Rachel Carson) Gaia. A new look at life on Earth (James Lovelock)

7. NGO (non governmental organizations) Green Peace Friends of the Earth

8. Endangered species (tigers, North American buffalo, Pigeon, …..) Pollution Minamata Bay (Japon, 1952) disease because of mercury poisoning Chemical factory accident in India (15-22 000) Chernobyl disaster (30000-60000) Melting icecaps

9. 1- Environmental stewardship? We should have ethical responsibility to maintain balance nature. 2- Systematic approach James Lovelock describes; the Earth as a single integrated system able to maintain homeostatic equilibrium ideal for life through feedback controls and able to protect itself from attack.

10. INTERGOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS 1972- First UN Conference 1975- CITES formed by IUCN 1982- Nairobi Earth Submit 1983- IN World Commission on Env. Dev. Published. 1987- Montreal protocol 1988- IPCC formed by UNEP 1992- Rio Earth Submit and Kyoto protocol 2002- Johannesburg Earth Submit 2007- UN Bali meeting 2008- UN Climate change conference