1. §10.1 Distance MIdPoint Eqns
Chabot Mathematics
§10.1 Distance MIdPoint Eqns
Bruce Mayer, PE
Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer

2. 9.6 Review § Any QUESTIONS About Any QUESTIONS About HomeWork
MTH 55
Review §
Any QUESTIONS About
§9.6 → Exponential Decay & Growth
Any QUESTIONS About HomeWork
§9.6 → HW-48

3. The Distance Formula
The distance between the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y1) on a horizontal line is |x2 – x1|.
Similarly, the distance between the points (x2, y1) and (x2, y2) on a vertical line is |y2 – y1|.

4. Pythagorean Distance
Now consider any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).
These points, along with (x2, y1), describe a right triangle. The lengths of the legs are |x2 – x1| and |y2 – y1|.

5. Pythagorean Distance
Find d, the length of the hypotenuse, by using the Pythagorean theorem:
d2 = |x2 – x1|2 + |y2 – y1|2
Since the square of a number is the same as the square of its opposite, we can replace the absolute-value signs with parentheses:
d2 = (x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2

6. Distance Formula Formally
The distance d between any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by

7. Example  Find Distance
Find the distance between (3, 1) and (5, −6). Find an exact answer and an approximation to three decimal places.
Solution: Substitute into the distance formula
Substituting
This is exact.
Approximation

8. Example  Verify Rt TriAngle
Let A(4, 3), B(1, 4) and C(−2, −4) be three points in the plane. Connect these Dots to form a Triangle, Then:
Sketch the triangle ABC
Find the length of each side of the triangle
Show that ABC is a right triangle.

9. Example  Verify Rt TriAngle
Soln a. Sketch TriAngle

10. Example  Verify Rt TriAngle
Soln b. Find the length of each side of the triangle → Use Distance Formula

11. Example  Verify Rt TriAngle
Soln c.: Show that ABC is a Rt triangle.
Check that a2 + b2 = c2 holds in this triangle, where a, b, and c denote the lengths of its sides. The longest side, AC, has length 10 units.
It follows from the converse of the Pythagorean Theorem that the triangle ABC IS a right triangle.

12. Example  BaseBall Distance
The baseball “diamond” is in fact a square with a distance of 90 feet between each of the consecutive bases. Use an appropriate coordinate system to calculate the distance the ball will travel when the third baseman throws it from third base to first base.

13. Example  BaseBall Distance
Solution: conveniently choose home plate as the origin and place the x-axis along the line from home plate to first base and the y-axis along the line from home plate to third base

14. Example  BaseBall Distance
Find from the DiagramThe coordinates of home plate (O), first base (A) second base (C) and third base (B)

15. Example  BaseBall Distance
Find the distance between points A & B
127.3 ft

16. The MidPoint Formula
Now that we have derived the Distance formula from the Pythagorean Theorem we use the distance formula to develop a formula for the coordinates of the MidPoint of a segment connecting two points.

17. The MidPoint Formula
If the endpoints of a segment are (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), then the coordinates of the midpoint are y
(x2, y2)
(x1, y1) x
That is, to locate the midpoint, average the x-coordinates and average the y-coordinates

18. Example  MidPoint Formula
Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the points P(−3, 6) and Q(1, 4)
Solution: (x1, y1) = (−3, 6) & (x2, y2) = (1, 4)

19. CIRCLE Defined
A circle is a set of points in a Cartesian coordinate plane that are at a fixed distance r from a specified point (h, k).
The fixed distance r is called the radius of the circle, and
The specified point (h, k) is called the center of the circle.

20. CIRCLE Graphed
The graph of a circle with center (h, k) and radius r.

21. CIRCLE - Equation
The equation of a circle with center (h, k) and radius r is
This equation is also called the standard form of an equation of a circle with radius r and center (h, k).

22. Example  Find Circle Eqn
Find the center-radius form of the equation of the circle with center (−3, 4) and radius 7.
Solution:

23. Example  Graph Circle Graph each equation Solution: Center: (0, 0)
Radius: 1
Called the unit circle

24. Example  Graph Circle
Solution:
Center: (−2, 3)
Radius: 5

25. Equation ↔ Circle Note that stating that the equation:
represents the circle of radius 5 with center (–3, 4) means two things:
If the values of x and y are a pair of numbers that satisfy the equation, then they are the coordinates of a point on the circle with radius 5 and center (–3, 4).
If a point is on the circle, then its coordinates satisfy the equation

26. Circle Eqn → General Form
The general form of the equation of a circle is

27. Example  General Form
Find the center and radius of the circle with equation x2 +y2 − 6x + 8y +10 = 0
Solution: COMPLETE the SQUARE for both x & y
Center: (3, – 4) Radius:

28. Example  General Form
Find the center & radius and then graph the circle x2 + y2 + 2x – 6y + 6 = 0
Solution: Complete Square for both x & y to convert to Standard Form
x2 + 2x + y2 – 6y = –6
x2 + 2x y2 – 6y + 9 = –
(x + 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 4
(x – (–1))2 + (y – 3)2 = 2 2

29. Example  General Form Solution: Graph Sketch Graphy
Solution: Graph
Center: (–1, 3)
Radius: 2
Sketch Graph
(–1, 3) x
(x – (–1))2 + (y – 3)2 = 2 2

30. WhiteBoard Work Problems From §10.1 Exercise Set Circle Eqns
16, 26, 38, 48, 54, 56
Circle Eqns

31. Circle as Conic Section
All Done for Today
Circle as Conic Section

32. Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu
Chabot Mathematics
Appendix
Bruce Mayer, PE
Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer –

33. ReCall Logarithmic Laws
Solving Logarithmic Equations Often Requires the Use of the Properties of Logarithms