1. CIS 321—IS Analysis & Design Chapter 3: The Analyst as a Project Manager

2. 2 Overview To be a good systems analyst, you also need to be a good project ____________. IS projects are initiated for three major reasons: respond to a strategic opportunity resolve an operational problem conform to a directive (e.g., from the government) This chapter discusses the activities of the project planning phase of the SDLC define the _______ of the project perform a cost-benefit analysis develop a project ___________

3. 3 System Development Success Project management: organizing and directing other people to achieve a planned result within a predetermined schedule and budget System development project success statistics: 32% cancelled before completed 50% cost double the original budget 42% had limited scope or functionality 28% were considered successful System development success factors: clear requirements user involvement upper management support detailed project plans realistic schedules

4. 4 Project Players Client person or group that funds the project __________ committee clients or key executives who direct the project Users people who will use the system Project manager has overall responsibility for project success Project team leader manages the team members Project team member performs the day-to-day project tasks

5. 5 Areas of Project Management 1 Project scope define/control functions included in the system and work to be performed Project schedule build and monitor a detailed schedule with milestones Project cost perform cost-benefit analysis, develop and monitor budget Project quality establish plan to ensure quality at every phase

6. 6 Areas of Project Management 2 Project ________ resources select/hire team members, train, motivate Project ______________ keep all stakeholders, users, and team members informed Project risk identify potential risks and develop plans to reduce these risks Project procurement develop RFPs, evaluate bids, write contracts, monitor vendor performance See Appendix A for more details (optional)

7. 7 The SDLC Project Planning Phase Define the __________ Produce the project schedule Confirm project ___________ Staff the project _________ the project

8. 8 Defining the Problem Develop a system ______ document Identify the business needs Define the business benefits (in $) Identify the expected capabilities of the new system A proof of concept _________ can be constructed A context diagram can be developed a high-level ______ helps to define scope in OOSD, this is called a use case diagram COCOMO: counting function points to determine cost

9. 9 Producing the Project Schedule 1 Definitions SDLC—consists of five phases phase—group of related activities activity—group of related tasks task—smallest unit of work to be identified and scheduled ______ breakdown structure (WBS) hierarchy of phases, activities, and tasks for scheduling built from scratch, standards-based, or analogy-based

10. 10 Producing the Project Schedule 2 Scheduling charts best produced with tools PERT/CPM Chart Project Evaluation and Review Technique _______ Path Method a graphical view of the WBS best for developing a schedule the critical path is the longest path through the chart Gantt chart a bar chart showing all tasks with _____ on the horizontal axis best for showing actual project progress

11. 11 Confirming Project Feasibility 1 Identify risks of failure Economic feasibility cost/benefit analysis development costs—to get the system up and running operational costs—to operate the system financial benefits—decreased costs and increased revenues financial calculations net present value (NPV), based on discounted cash flows payback period (breakeven point) return on investment (ROI) See examples for RMO, pp. 95-97 __________ benefits and costs

12. 12 Confirming Project Feasibility 2 Organizational and cultural feasibility computer phobia, shifting political power, loss of jobs Technological feasibility company doesn’t possess the technological skills Schedule feasibility schedules are estimates ___________ completion date Resource feasibility potential loss of key resources If all areas cannot be successfully addressed, STOP!

13. 13 Staffing and Launching the Project Staffing develop a resource plan based on the schedule identify and request specific technical staff identify and request specific user staff organize the team into workgroups conduct training and team-building exercises Launch final go-ahead from the Oversight Committee (funding) formal ______________ from top management