3. Indications: alternative to penicillin in hypertensive patients; oral infections; campylobacter enteritis, syphilis, non-gonococcal urethritis, respiratory-tract infections, skin infections; chronic prostatitis: diphtheria and whooping cough prophylaxis: acne vulgaris and rosacea. Cautions: Neonate under 2 weeks; predisposition to QT interval prolongation; avoid in porphyria; hepatic impairment; renal impairment; pregnancy and breast feeding. Side-effects: ◦ Nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea; less frequentlyurticaria, rashes and other allergic reactions; reversible hearing loss reported after large doses; cholestatic jaundice, pancreatitis, cardiaceffects, myasthenia-like syndrome. Dose: By mouth, ADULT and CHILD over 8 years, 250-500mg every 6 hours or 0.5-1g every 12 hours up to 4 g daily in severe infections; CHILD up to 2 years 125mg every 6 hours, 2-8 years 250mg every 6 hours, doses doubled for severe infections.

4. Indications: symptomatic relief of gastro-intestinal or genitor-urinary disorders characterized by smooth muscle spasm; bowel colic and excessive respiratory secretions Contra-indications: avoid porphyria Dose: by mouth. Smooth muscle spasm, 20mg 4 times daily; 12 years, 10mg 3 times daily. ◦ By intramuscular or slow intravenous injection, acute spasm and spasm in diagnostic procedure, 20mg repeatedafter30 minutes if necessary, max. 100mg daily CHILD not recommended. ◦ Tablets, coated, hyoscine butylbromide 10mg. ◦ Injection, hyoscine butylbromide20mg/mL.

5. Indications: Mild to moderate pain, pyrexia; antiplatelet. Cautions: asthma, allergic disease, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, dehydration; preferably avoid during fever or viral infections in adolescents, pregnancy, elderly. Side-effects: generally mild and infrequent but high incidence of gastro intestinal irritation with slight asymphomatic blood loss, increased bleeding time and skin reactions in hypertensive patients. Dose: By mouth, 300-900 mg every 4-6 hours when necessary. 4g daily. CHILD and ADOLESCENT not recommended.

6. Indications: mild to moderate pain, pyrexia. Cautions: hepatic impairment; renal impairment, alcohol dependence. Side-effects: side-effects rare, but rashes, blood disorders, hypotensions also reported on infusion. Dose: by mouth 0.5-1 g every 4-6 hours to a max. Of 4 g daily; CHILD 2 months 60mg for post-immunisation pyrexia; otherwise under 3 months, 10 mg/kg; 3 months to 1 year 60- 120 mg, 1-5 years 120-250 mg, 6-12 years 250-500mg, these doses may be repeated every 4-6 hours when necessary.

7. Indications: prevention of recurrent migraine, vascular headache, menopausal flushing; hypertension Cautions: depressive illness, concurrent antihypertensive therarp; porphyria. Side-effects: dry mouth, sedation, dizziness, nausea, nocturnal restlessness; occasionally rashes. Dose: ◦ 50 mcg twice daily,increased after2 weeks to 75 mcg twice daily if necessary; CHILD not reccomended.

8. Indications: status epilepticus; other forms of epilepsy, and myoclonus. Cautions: facilities for reversing respiratory depression with mechanical ventilation must be at hand. Contra-indications: avoid injections containing benzyl alcohol in neonates. Side-effects: hypotension and apnoea. Dose: ◦ By intravenous injection into a large veinor by intravenous infusion, 1 mg repeated if necessary; CHILD all ages, 500mcg.

9. Indications: In combination with other drugs, tuberculosis resistant to first-line drugs. Cautions: hepatic impairment, renal impairment, auditory impairment, monitor renal, hepatic, auditory and vestibular fucntion and electrolytes pregnancy. Side-effects: hypersensitivity rxn including urticaria and rashes; leukocytosis or leukopenia, rarely thrombocytopenia; changes in liver function tests; nephrotoxicity, electrolyte disturbancs; hearing loss with tinnitus and vertigo; neuromuscular block after large doses, pain and induration at inj site. Dose: ◦ By deep intramuscular inj. 1 g daily for 2-4 months, then 1g 2-3 times each week.

10. Indications: HIV infection in combination with other antiretroviral drugs Cautions: concomitant use of garlic. Contra-indications: breast-feeding Side-effects: buccal and mucosal ulceration, chest pain, peripheral neurophaty, mood changes, fever, changes in libido, nephrolithiasis; rarely convulsions Dose: ◦ With low-dose ritonavir; ADULT and ADOLESCENT over 16 years, 1 g every 12 hours within 2 hours after a meal.

11. Indications: threadworm, roundworm, whipworm, and hookworm infections. Side-effects: very rarely abdominal pain, diarrhoea, convulsions and rash Dose: ◦ Threadworms, ADULT and CHILD over 2 years, 100 mg as a single dose; if infection occurs second dose may be needed after two weeks ; CHILD under 2 years, not yet recommended.

12. Indications: suppression of inflammatory and allergic disorders; rheumatic disease. Cautions: high dosage may cause proximal myopathy, avoid in chronic therapy. Dose: ◦ By deep intramuscular inj., into gluteal muscle, 40 mg of acetonide for depot effect, repeated at intervals according to the patient’s response; max single dose 100mg.

13. ~END~ Thanks for watching