1. Science from the South Pole Karina Leppik Science Museum of Minnesota September 5, 2003

2. Aerial View of Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station February 2003

3. The South Pole Astronomy and Astrophysics Climatology and Aeronomy Geophysics, Glaciology and Seismology Dark Sector Quiet Sector Clean Air Sector

6. Objects emit more than one kind of light X-Ray (image from ROSAT) Ultraviolet (image from UIT) Visible (image from IAC/RGO/Malin) Infrared (image from 2MASS) Radio (image from VLA/WSRT) M33, a spiral galaxy

7. Receiver Room TREND Dewar 230 GHz Dewar PoleSTAR Dewar

8. –Galactic Center CI ( 3 P 1 - 3 P 0 ) CO (4-3) CO (7-6) Sgr B SgrA

9. Why Astronomy at the South Pole?

10. Water in the atmosphere

11. Weather at the South Pole Data are binned by week. –Large dots show median –Thick bar shows 25%  75% –Thin bar shows 10%  90% –Small dots show maximum and minimum measured values Top panel shows PWV as measured by AIR Model 4a balloon flights 1991 to 1996 Bottom 3 panels summarize hourly NOAA weather data from 1977 to 2001 Week of Year

12. Climate Temperature: –Average annual: -56.9 F –Record high: +7.5 F (December 1978) –Record low: -117.0 F (June 1982) Average wind: 12.4 mph Average pressure: 681.4 millibars Average pressure altitude: 10,576 feet

13. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA)

14. Other Dark Sector Science: VIPER, DASI, AMANDA

15. What do I do?

17. Liquid Helium Fills

18. A day in the life of a polie

19. The dome

20. The New (Elevated) Station

21. South Pole Greenhouse

22. Waste Disposal

23. The Ceremonial Pole

24. The Geographic South Pole 90 o South Latitude

25. Other South Poles 90 o South Pole of Inaccessibility Dipmeter reading 80 o at the geographic South Pole South Polar Axis of Rotation Magnetic Dip Pole Geomagnetic Pole

26. Solar Halos

28. March 20, 2003: two days before sunsetMarch 20: two days before the equinox

29. March 23, 2003: one day after the equinox March 24, 2003: two days after the equinox

30. Green/Blue Flash: March 26, 2003 Pillar: March 25, 2003

31. The terminator: the line between night and day April 1, 2003

32. Venus April 5, 2003: two weeks after sunset

33. Fisheye image of sky Winter 2001 Photo: Chris Martin Aurora (green) Mars

34. Fisheye image of sky Winter 2001 Photo: Chris Martin Aurora Moon

37. Q&A