1. Cultural Differences in Learning: Revisited Mariana Lazzaro

2. “ Language learning strategies are specific actions, behaviours, steps, or techniques that the students employ-often consciously-to improve their own progress in internalizing, storing, retrieving and using L2”. (Oxford 1990)

3. Learning strategies Self-regulation Metacognitive a) planning b) monitoring c) evaluating Cognitive Social-affective

4. Some findings: Indonesian: memory, metacognitive, affective strategies Australian: cognitive, compensation, social Spanish: “highly traditional strategies” Chinese, Hungarian and Turkish: memorization, recitation, repetition, note-taking, grammar translation.

5. Bibliography: Beebe, Leslie M; Takahashi, Tomoko. “do you have a bag: Social status and patterned variation in second language acquisition”. Variation in Second Language Acquisition: Discourse and Pragmatics. Multilingual Matters Ltd. 1989. Sri Lengkanawati, Nenden. “How learners from different cultural backgrounds learn a foreign language”. Asian EFL Journal. 2004. “Nationality and language learning strategies of ELT-Major university students”. Asian EFL Journal. 2004. “Communicating effectively with Chinese students in EFL/ESL classrooms”, “Language learning and awareness of personality type in Chinese settings”, “A native approach to ELT: Universal or Asian?”. English Language Learning in the Asian Context. 2004 Qingyang, Gui. “Beware of blind Westernisation of TEFL in Asia: a Chinese case study”. The Journal of Asia TEFL, Vol.2, No 2, pp.23- 33. Summer 2005. Stone Hanley, Mary. “The scope of multicultural education”. Banks, James A.. “Diversity within unity: essential principles for teaching and learning in a multicultural society”. http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/multicultural http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/multicultural