1. The Roaring 1920’s Society in the 1920’s Society in the 1920’s Changes in Manners Changes in Manners Changes in Morals Changes in Morals Mass Media and the Mass Media and the Jazz Age The Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance

2. Essential Questions How were women’s roles changing? How were women’s roles changing? How were cities and suburbs affected by Americans moving from rural areas? How were cities and suburbs affected by Americans moving from rural areas? Who were some heroes of the 1920’s? Who were some heroes of the 1920’s? What made them so popular? What made them so popular? What were the changes in manners and morals? What were the changes in manners and morals? How did Jazz impact culture? How did Jazz impact culture?

3. Women of the Victorian Era Women of the Victorian Era

7. Women’s Changing Roles Image of the Flapper ( Exaggerated) Image of the Flapper ( Exaggerated) Rebellious, energetic, fun-loving, and bold. Rebellious, energetic, fun-loving, and bold. Stylish Urban young women Stylish Urban young women Impact on fashion and behavior Impact on fashion and behavior Short bobbed hair and make-up Short bobbed hair and make-up Wide-brimmed hats, skull caps Wide-brimmed hats, skull caps Close fitting dresses, very short Close fitting dresses, very short Drank and Smoked in public Drank and Smoked in public Dancing and language annoyed parents Dancing and language annoyed parents

14. The Double Standard A set of standards granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women A set of standards granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women Women were required to observe stricter standards of behavior than men did Women were required to observe stricter standards of behavior than men did Women were pulled back and forth between new standards and the old Women were pulled back and forth between new standards and the old

15. Images of the Flappers

17. Women Working 15% of wage earning women became professionals, although businesses remained prejudice towards women. (Less $ than Men) 15% of wage earning women became professionals, although businesses remained prejudice towards women. (Less $ than Men) Even Flappers were expected to be homemakers Even Flappers were expected to be homemakers Some Assembly line jobs were available as well as “Men Only” jobs Some Assembly line jobs were available as well as “Men Only” jobs Greater equality in marriage, children spent time at school and in organized activites Greater equality in marriage, children spent time at school and in organized activites

18. Women and the Family The Birth Rate dropped during the 1920’s The Birth Rate dropped during the 1920’s Birth Control information was widespread Birth Control information was widespread Margaret Sanger ( First BC Clinic 1916) Margaret Sanger ( First BC Clinic 1916) Some 1920’s women juggled work and career Some 1920’s women juggled work and career Leisure Time increased Leisure Time increased

20. Women Working and Voting 15% of wage earning women became professionals, although businesses remained prejudice towards women. 15% of wage earning women became professionals, although businesses remained prejudice towards women. Only 35% of women voted in 1920. Only 35% of women voted in 1920. Progressive women did lobby the Shepard –Towner Act which aided women and children. (Infant/Pre- natal care.) Progressive women did lobby the Shepard –Towner Act which aided women and children. (Infant/Pre- natal care.) Jeanette Rankin WY, US House of Reps. Jeanette Rankin WY, US House of Reps.

21. Americans on the Move By 1920, more Americans lived in cities. By 1920, more Americans lived in cities. Rural /Urban split due to changes in education, occupations, and cultural issues. Rural /Urban split due to changes in education, occupations, and cultural issues. Over 500,000 African Americans migrated from South to North. Over 500,000 African Americans migrated from South to North. Better jobs, education, yet harsh discrimination. (De Facto Discrimination) Better jobs, education, yet harsh discrimination. (De Facto Discrimination)

22. Other Migration Mexicans emigrated to the US because of job opportunities. Mexicans emigrated to the US because of job opportunities. The US had limited immigration with quotas for European, Japanese and Chinese immigrants. The US had limited immigration with quotas for European, Japanese and Chinese immigrants. Los Angeles developed a district barrio or Spanish speaking neighborhood. Los Angeles developed a district barrio or Spanish speaking neighborhood. Puerto Ricans migrated to NYC Puerto Ricans migrated to NYC

23. Growth of Suburbs Trolleys allowed people to get from their suburban homes to jobs and stores. Trolleys allowed people to get from their suburban homes to jobs and stores. By mid 1920’s 70,000 buses were operating in the US. By mid 1920’s 70,000 buses were operating in the US. Cars became cheaper and offered greater flexibility in travel. Cars became cheaper and offered greater flexibility in travel.

24. American Heroes Charles Lindbergh – 1927 NY to Paris Charles Lindbergh – 1927 NY to Paris Amelia Earhart – 1932 CA to Hawaii Amelia Earhart – 1932 CA to Hawaii Jack Dempsey- Heavyweight Champ Jack Dempsey- Heavyweight Champ Babe Ruth – 60 HR in 1927, Yankees Babe Ruth – 60 HR in 1927, Yankees Gertrude Ederle – Gold medalist 1924 Gertrude Ederle – Gold medalist 1924

29. Mass Media MOVIES: 80 million tickets sold a week. The first talkie The Jazz Singer 1927. Big Stars: Greta Garbo, Clara Bow, Charlie Chaplin, Lon Chaney, Mary Pickford, Gloria Swanson, and Rudolph Valentino.

32. Steam Boat Willie -1928

33. Newspapers and Magazines Between 1920 and 1929 daily newspaper circulation rose from 28 million to almost 40 million. Between 1920 and 1929 daily newspaper circulation rose from 28 million to almost 40 million. By 1929 Americans were buying 200 million copies of magazines. By 1929 Americans were buying 200 million copies of magazines. Saturday Evening Post, Readers Digest, Ladies Home Journal, and Time were popular. Saturday Evening Post, Readers Digest, Ladies Home Journal, and Time were popular.

34. Popular Magazines

35. Radio of the 1920’s First radio broadcast – 1920 Election results by KDKA in Pittsburgh First radio broadcast – 1920 Election results by KDKA in Pittsburgh By 1922, 500 stations were on air By 1922, 500 stations were on air NBC, CBS brought the same jokes, commercials, music, sports, religious services, and news to many Americans. NBC, CBS brought the same jokes, commercials, music, sports, religious services, and news to many Americans. Between 1922 and 1929 the # of radios rose from 60,000 to 12mil Between 1922 and 1929 the # of radios rose from 60,000 to 12mil

36. Radio 1920’s

37. Art and Literature of the 1920’s Famous Artists: Edward Hopper, Rockwell Kent, Georgia O’Keeffe. Famous Artists: Edward Hopper, Rockwell Kent, Georgia O’Keeffe. Famous Authors: Famous Authors: Sinclair Lewis -Babbit Sinclair Lewis -Babbit F. Scott Fitzgerald –”JAZZ AGE” F. Scott Fitzgerald –”JAZZ AGE” Earnest Hemingway Earnest Hemingway Edna St. Vincent Millay - Youth Edna St. Vincent Millay - Youth “The Lost Generation” –authors disconnected from the US and its values. (Critical of US Culture) “The Lost Generation” –authors disconnected from the US and its values. (Critical of US Culture)

41. F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald

42. The Lost Generation The Lost Generation

43. The Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance What were the causes and results of the Great Migration of African Americans to Northern cities in the early 1900’s? What were the causes and results of the Great Migration of African Americans to Northern cities in the early 1900’s? What was the prolific African –American artistic activity of the Harlem Renaissance? What was the prolific African –American artistic activity of the Harlem Renaissance?

44. The Harlem Renaissance NYC’s Harlem was a cultural center for African Americans. NYC’s Harlem was a cultural center for African Americans. The Renaissance is known as a cultural and literary awakening as well as a time of black pride. The Renaissance is known as a cultural and literary awakening as well as a time of black pride. Authors: Authors: Alan Locke - The New Negro (1925) Alan Locke - The New Negro (1925) Zora Nele Hurston -Their Eyes are Watching God (1937) Zora Nele Hurston -Their Eyes are Watching God (1937)

46. Harlem Renaissance II Famous Poets: Famous Poets: Claude McCay – Harlem Shadows (1922) Claude McCay – Harlem Shadows (1922) Countee Cullen – Color Countee Cullen – Color Langston Hughes – The Weary Blues, I Too (1926) Langston Hughes – The Weary Blues, I Too (1926)

49. Performers of Stage Paul Robeson – Major Dramatic Actor Paul Robeson – Major Dramatic Actor Ex. Othello Ethal Waters – Africana

50. The Jazz Age Jazz grew out of African American music of the South like Ragtime and Blues. Jazz grew out of African American music of the South like Ragtime and Blues. Jazz Clubs, Radio Play, and Dances Jazz Clubs, Radio Play, and Dances Cotton Club – Harlem NYC Cotton Club – Harlem NYC Connie’s Inn Connie’s Inn Saratoga Club Saratoga Club

51. Cotton Club

52. Jazz Age Icons Jelly Roll Morton Jelly Roll Morton Benny Goodman Benny Goodman Louis Armstrong Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington Duke Ellington Ma Rainey Ma Rainey Bessy Smith Bessy Smith Cab Calloway Cab Calloway

53. Jelly Roll Morton

54. Bessie Smith

55. Duke Ellington and George Gershwin

56. African- American Voices The Great Migration saw 500,000 African Americans move North The Great Migration saw 500,000 African Americans move North NAACP -1909 – WEB Du Bois NAACP -1909 – WEB Du Bois Du Bois wrote The Crisis an NAACP magazine to highlight racial violence and to form a platform in the civil rights fight Du Bois wrote The Crisis an NAACP magazine to highlight racial violence and to form a platform in the civil rights fight 1920’s – Executive Secretary of the NAACP James Weldon Johnson fought for anti-lynching laws 1920’s – Executive Secretary of the NAACP James Weldon Johnson fought for anti-lynching laws

58. Marcus Garvey and the UNIA Marcus Garvey an immigrant from Jamaica believed African Americans should build a separate society. Marcus Garvey an immigrant from Jamaica believed African Americans should build a separate society. In 1918 the UNIA was moved to Harlem In 1918 the UNIA was moved to Harlem It promoted black owned businesses It promoted black owned businesses He founded the “Black Star” Shipping Line He founded the “Black Star” Shipping Line He inspired Black Pride He inspired Black Pride Proposed “Back to Motherland Africa” Movement Proposed “Back to Motherland Africa” Movement

62. 1920’s Images