1. 1 Virtual Mission Operations of Remote Sensors with Rapid Access to/from Space SpaceOps 2010 April 26-30, 2010 AIAA-2010-2305 Will Ivancic william.d.ivancic@nasa.gov +1 (216) 433-3494

2. 2 VMOC NOC 6 Stored data transferred to ground Sensor 1 Seismic Sensor alerts VMOC 5 Space Sensor acquires data (e.g. image) 4 4 4 4 Network Control Center Configures Spacecraft via VMOC VMOC negotiates for ground station services 2 2 VMOC negotiates for Space Assets 3 3 Network Control Center Configures Ground Assets Stored data transferred to ground (Large file transfer over multiple ground stations) 7 The Goal

3. Space Based Sensorweb – Completed Demonstrated IPv6 and IPsec between ground and space using Cisco Router in Low Earth Orbit (CLEO) Use of Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) for large image transfers from space –Demonstrated Proactive Fragmentation –Demonstrated Reactive Fragmentation –Demonstrated Store and Forward using DTN2 Reference Implementation on the ground –Contributed to code to enable large files to pass as bundles. Operational Infrastructure in place at Universal Space Network –Access to Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL) Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) satellites is part of their operational networks in Alaska, Hawaii and Australia Machine-to-Machine autonomous scheduling of space-based assets –General Dynamics receives trigger form United States Geological Survey (USGS) and schedules contacts with SSTL UK-DMC (mirrored, not live due to cost to for SSTL to implement ). –Note, Autonomously scheduling Universal Space Network (USN) assets was not performed. 3

4. 4 The Cape of Good Hope and False Bay. False colours – red is vegetation. Taken by UK-DMC satellite at 08:27 UTC, Wednesday, 27 August 2008. Downloaded using bundling over Saratoga, with proactive fragmentation. Fragments assembled at NASA Glenn, then postprocessed at Surry Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL). First sensor imagery delivered by bundles from space. SSTL UK-DMC. 1st onboard router (CLEO), IPv4 mobile-IP, IPv4 IPsec, IPv6, Bundles from space, proactive and reactive bundling. www.dmcii.com

5. Space Based Sensorweb – Future Work Machine-to-Machine autonomous scheduling of space-based assets –Automatically task actual UK-DMC Phase 2 - Up & Download through SSTL, UK Phase 3 – Upload through SSTL, UK & Download to selected Ground station (SSTL, UK or potentially USN Alaska) Phase 4 – Upload through selected Ground station & Download to selected Ground station –Note, Autonomously scheduling USN assets was not performed. Currently use email. –Can easily be automated, but... USN developed a web service interface for Machine-to-Machine communications. 5

6. Space/Ground Network 6 Home Agent (GRC) SSTL Guildford England VMOC-1 (GRC) Open Internet VMOCDatabase Satellite Scheduler & Controller NICT Koganei Ground Station UK-DMC/CLEO Universal Space Network Ground Network Alaska, Hawaii and Australia

7. Automated Service Requests 7

8. Machine-to-Machine Autonomous Scheduling 8

9. Secure Autonomous Automated Scheduling Data Flow 9

10. 10 Machine-to-Machine Autonomous Scheduling of Space and Ground assets Sensor Trigger is USGS seismic notification –Trigger is adjustable VMOC requests UK-DMC satellite contact availability from SSTL Mission Planning System (mirrored operation to date) VMOC returns possible contact times and well as potential improvement via use of USN assets. –VMOC / USN automated scheduling has not been implemented –USN currently uses email, but is looking aT web services User Submits Request –Could be automated, but currently user approval is required as submission results in actual cost to the User/Organization

11. Great Lakes Operation Center VMOC Structure 11

12. Great Lakes Operation Center – GLOC 12

13. Tactical – Earthquake Tasks 13

14. Earthquakes (Threshold set to Magnitude = 2) 14

15. Task Reports with Priority 15

16. Map Showing Location of Event 16

17. Mission – UK-DMC Collection Management 17

18. Task Request Details and Submission 18

19. VMOC for System Troubleshooting 19

20. Department of Defense use of the VMOC TacSat-4: ONR HEO Theater Communication Relay –VMOC I/F w/ TacSat-4 provides risk reduction for the ORS-1 –Operations intend to begin Oct 2010 (assuming no schedule slip) ORS-1: First OpSat being readied for launch in the Nov 2010 –Intermediate architecture as step toward Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) 2015 Ground System Enterprise (GSE) Integration of VMOC with: PRISM, MMSOC GSA, and DCGS –VMOC / PRISM I/F allows theater to request tasking of ORS assets using the same tool they use to task air breathing platforms with added automated feedback –VMOC / Multi Mission Satellite Operations Center Ground System Enterprise (MMSOC GSA) I/F allows automated sensor tasking based on detailed mission models and predetermined ground station schedule –VMOC / Distributed Common Ground System (DCGS) I/F provides a commonly formatted file needed to acquire and track ORS-1 Joint Space Operations Center (JSpOC): –Spring ‘11 90 day eval of VMOC as JSpOC Mission System Prototype 20

21. Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) Radios: –Downlink uses standard satellite modems and uplink uses amateur radio at 9.6 kbps –Doppler adjusted at the ground station Uplink and downlink Data link is Frame Relay/HDLC/IP All space communication use Internet Protocols Integration of systems performed using standard Web-based services and service oriented architecture including machine-to-machine autonomous operations Use of COTS Internet Protocols and Web-based standard services dramatically reduces cost and improves integration time SSTL’s networks and satellite all managed locally and remotely using IP technology USN networks managed remotely using IP technology such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Space Links end at the ground stations. None are extended. –No use of CCSDS SLE-TM or CCSDS SLE-Service Management 21

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23. Additional Detail 23

24. Home Agent (GRC) Battlefield Operations (Vandenberg AFB) Segovia NOC 2nd Ground Station VMOC-2 (GRC) SSTL VMOC-1 Open Internet VMOCDatabase Experiments Workstation Satellite Scheduler & Controller Rate Mismatch Problem Desire is to buffer locally while in sight of the satellite then redistribute to the VMOC <<- Time <<- Large File Transfer Over Multiple Ground Stations - The Problem - Ideal LARGE Image Transfer – Multiple Ground Stations (New Capability – Application Being Developed)

25. Home Agent VMOC Open Internet VMOC Database Satellite Scheduler & Controller Ground Station 3 Ground Station 2 Ground Station 1 ->> Time ->> Large File Transfer Over Multiple Ground Stations - DTN is a Potential Solution - DTN Bundle Agent Intermediary DTN Bundle Agent Intermediary DTN Bundle Agent Intermediary DTN Bundle Agent Sink

26. Home Agent VMOC Open Internet VMOC Database Satellite Scheduler & Controller Ground Station 3 Ground Station 2 Ground Station 1 ->> Time ->> DTN Bundle Agent Source DTN Bundle Agent Sink Combining Mobile-IP and DTN for File Upload One may be able to use Contact Graph Routing, But Mobile-IP May be a lot Easier to Implement. Could be potential SMDC “Technology Scout” Experiment

27. Large File Transfers using DTN First successful test August 27 and 28, 2008 –Demonstrate DTN Bundle Transfer from UK-DMC to SSTL Ground Station. –Demonstrate that DTN code and general SSTL code can coexist without effecting normal SSTL Operations. Configuration – UK-DMC acquired a 150 Mbyte image. – DTN bundling code default set to 80 Mbytes for proactive fragmentation. Tests (All Successful) –Basic file download using existing technique (GRC Saratoga). –Same file downloaded but treated as single bundle (DTN). –Same file download but using DTN proactive fragmentation with 80 Mbytes preconfigured fragments. (Somewhere in the downloads we want to make sure we download the sysconfig that has the MD5 payload checksum). –Basic file download using SSTL Saratoga 27

28. Multi-Terminal Large File Transfers using DTN September 30 and October 1, 2009 successfully demonstrated multi- terminal large file transfers using DTN and ground stations in Alaska and Hawaii –Demonstrated proactive fragmentation –Demonstrated Store and Forward of ground infrastructure Ground station held bundles until routes were established –Demonstrated reactive fragmentation between Hawaii ground station bundle agent and GRC bundle agent. Configuration – UK-DMC acquired a 150 Mbyte image. – DTN bundling code default set to 80 Mbytes for proactive fragmentation. 28

29. Multi-Terminal Large File Transfers using DTN 29

30. Multi-Terminal Large File Transfers – Procedure 1.Use Satellite Tool Kit to determine UK-DMC contact times with Ground Stations –UK-DMC high-rate passes require sunlight operations to conserve battery power 2.Check USN Operations Schedule for ground station availability 3.Reserve USN ground station time via email request 4.Request SSTL Operations via email 5.Check new USN operation schedule to confirm reservation and check SSTL confirmation. If steps 3 or 4 fail repeat with step 1 to determine new time. 30 Example Schedule Request for USN Operations