1. The next Generation of Library Automation:
New products, concepts, architectures, & data models
Marshall Breeding
Director for Innovative Technology and Research
Vanderbilt University Library
Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides
29 Aug 2011
Northwestern University Library

2. Abstract
Marshall Breeding will describe the next generation systems library management systems, including general characteristics, architecture, and features.  He will illustrate the role of the new library services platform facilitating the interoperability of a variety of vendor products, open source systems and how they can integrate with university systems, such as human resources, financials, identity management, course management as well as other external systems (e.g. HathiTrust). Breeding will describe the difference between the cloud and on-premise installations and their relative advantages and disadvantages.

3. Library Technology Guides

4. Library Journal Automation Marketplace
Published annually in April 1 issue
Based on data provided by each vendor
Focused primarily on North America
Context of global library automation market

5. LJ Automation Marketplace
Annual Industry report published in Library Journal:
2011: New Frontier: battle intensifies to win hearts, minds and tech dollars
2010: New Models, Core Systems
2009: Investing in the Future
2008: Opportunity out of turmoil
2007: An industry redefined
2006: Reshuffling the deck
2005: Gradual evolution
2004: Migration down, innovation up
2003: The competition heats up
2002: Capturing the migrating customer

6. The New Frontier…
new phase of competition following a period of research and development that aimed to provide alternatives to libraries, both in back-end automation and end user discovery. A variety of new solutions have emerged, often representing quite different conceptual models. In a continued trend, librarians seek solutions that immediately improve the experiences of their users, especially via discovery products.

7. Key Context: Academic Libraries in Transition
Shift from Print > Electronic
E-journal transition largely complete
E-books now in play
Increasing emphasis on subscribed content, especially articles and databases
Academic libraries seeing long-term declines in print circulation
Need better tools for managing electronic resources
Need better tools for access to complex multi-format collections
Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections
Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

8. Key Context: Library Users in Transition
New generations of library users:
Millennial generation
Self sufficient – reluctant to seek assistance,
Not necessarily skilled at information seeking and management
Perceive themselves as competent to use information tools without help
Web savvy / Digital natives
Pervasive Web 2.0 concepts
Inherently collaborative work styles

9. Key Context: Technologies in transition
XML / Web services / Service-oriented Architecture
Beyond Web 2.0
Integration of social computing into core infrastructure
Local computing shifting to cloud platforms
Application Service Provider offerings standard
New expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-service
Move infrastructure management out of the local premises
Full spectrum of devices
full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile
Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles

10. Key Text: Changed expectations in metadata management
Moving away from individual record-by-record creation
Life cycle of metadata
Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed
Manage metadata in bulk when possible
E-book collections
Highly shared metadata
E-journal knowledge bases, e.g.
Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data
Very little progress
AACR2 > RDA. Will Library of Congress abandon MARC?

11. Phase of realignment
Strong need to realign library automation with current library realities
Legacy library systems reinforce workflows no longer in step with library priorities.
Need systems that allow libraries to allocate personnel in proper proportion to collection
Separate automation platforms for print and electronic have not proven successful

12. Status Quo Sustainable?
ILS for management of (mostly) print
Duplicative financial systems between library and campus
Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS)
OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles
Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)
Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.)
Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections
No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

13. Dynamics of the Library Automation Scene
Evolutionary ILS
Revolutionary ILS
Open source and Proprietary alternatives

14. Evolutionary path Gradual enhancement of long-standing ILS platforms
Wrap legacy code in APIs and Web services
SirsiDynix
Unicorn (+Horizon functionality) > Symphony
Innovative
INNOVAQ > INNOPAC > Millennium > Encore/Sierra
Civica
Urica > Spydus (Urica Integrated Systems, Amalgamated Wireless Australia, McDonnell Douglas Information Systems, Sanderson)

15. Competing Models of Library Automation
Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS
Millennium / Sierra, Symphony, Polaris, Aleph, Voyager
BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se
LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus
Traditional Open Source ILS
Evergreen, Koha
Clean slate automation framework (SOA, enterprise-ready)
Ex Libris Alma, Kuali OLE, Sierra (?)
Cloud-based automation system
OCLC Web-scale Management Service
Serials Solutions Web-Scale Management Solution

16. Rethinking library automation
Fundamental assumption: Print + Digital + Electronic
Traditional print-dominant ILS model not adequate for modern academic library realities
Libraries currently moving toward surrounding core ILS with additional modules to handle electronic content
New discovery layer services replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS
Working toward a new model of library automation
Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by fabric of SOA applications
Comprehensive Resource Management
“It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS” Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007

17. Open Systems
Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies
Open source
Open API’s
Demand for Interoperability
Libraries need to do more with their data
Ability to improve customer experience

18. Benefits of APIs to Libraries
Extensibility
Interoperability
Allows the LMS to connect with other automation components
Create a matrix of interconnected systems rather than isolated silos with redundant data and functionality
LMS maturity means similar levels of functionality
LMS products increasingly differentiated by extent and quality of APIs and interoperability support

19. Legacy LMS Model Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Public Interfaces:
Interfaces
Business Logic
Circulation
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
Online Catalog
Data Stores
BIB
Holding / Items
Circ Transact
User
Vendor
$$$
Funds
Policies

20. Application Programming Interfaces
Legacy ILS Model / API `
Staff Interfaces:
Public Interfaces:
Interfaces
Application Programming Interfaces
Business Logic
Circulation
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
Online Catalog
Data Stores
BIB
Holding / Items
Circ Transact
User
Vendor
$$$
Funds
Policies

21. Legacy ILS Model / protocol
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
Circ Transact
User
Vendor
Policies
$$$
Funds
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
Online Catalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces
Interlibrary Loan
System
Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH
Self-Check

22. Legacy ILS Model / External API
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
Circ Transact
User
Vendor
Policies
$$$
Funds
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
Online Catalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces / Web Services
External Systems & Services
Flexible Interoperability
Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH

23. Legacy ILS Model / Extended Discovery
Consolidated index
Search Engine
Discovery Service
Search:
Digital Collections
ProQuest
EBSCOhost …
JSTOR
Other Resources `
API Layer
LMS

24. New Library Management Model
Consolidated index
Search Engine
Discovery Service
Search:
Digital Coll
ProQuest
EBSCO …
JSTOR
Other Resources
Self-Check / Automated Return `
API Layer
Library Management System
Stock Management
Enterprise Resource Planning
Smart Cad / Payment systems
Learning Management
Authentication Service

25. LMS as Middleware LMS provides strategic core of automation
Less involved with end-user contact
Discovery for Web-based collection discovery and user services
Self-service stations for loans and returns
Smart-card and payment systems

26. Academic Library Issues
Greater concern with electronic resources
Management: Need for consolidated approach that balances print, digital, and electronic workflows
Access: discovery interfaces that maximize the value of investments in electronic content

27. LMS / Electronic Resource Management
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
Circ Transact
User
Vendor
Policies
$$$
Funds
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
Online Catalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces `
E-resource Procurement
License Management
Protocols: CORE
E-Journal Titles
Vendors
License Terms

28. LMS / Electronic Resource Management
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
Circ Transact
User
Vendor
Policies
$$$
Funds
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials + e-resources
Online Catalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces
License manager
License Terms
Print + Electronic

29. Public Library Issues Enhance the experience of library patrons
Management and access to physical resources
Self-service through the Web portal:
View current loans, perform holds, renewals, pay fines and fees
Self-service in the physical library
RFID-based self-issue and returns
Helps the library deploy service personnel for highest impact

30. Library Services Platform
Possible new term for the successor to the ILS
ILS now viewed as print-centric
Next Generation systems must serve as platforms to connect external systems as well as to deliver internal functionality
Delivered Functionality + library created extensions + interoperability

31. Cloud Computing Major trend in Information Technology
Few organizations have core competence in large-scale computer infrastructure management
Essentially outsourcing of server housing and management
Usually based on a consumption-based business model
Most new automation products delivered through some flavor of cloud computing
Many flavors to suit business needs: public, private, hybrid

32. Library Automation in the Cloud
Almost all library automation vendors offer some form of cloud-based services
Server management moves from library to Vendor
Subscription-based business model
Comprehensive annual subscription payment
Offsets local server purchase and maintenance
Offsets some local technology support

33. Application Service Provider
Vendor hosting of traditional ILS
Technically Application Service Provider though marketed as SaaS
Continued reliance on Graphical Clients deployed on each staff workstation that need to be updated and synched
Vendor maintains individual instances for each library / site

34. Software as a Service Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach
One copy of the code base serves multiple sites
Software functionality delivered entirely through Web interfaces
No workstation clients
Upgrades and fixes deployed universally
Usually in small increments

35. Data as a service
SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models
WorldCat: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries
Primo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo Central
KnowledgeWorks: Shared knowledgebase of e-journal holdings shared among all customers of Serials Solutions
General opportunity to move away from library-by- library metadata management to globally shared workflows

36. Infrastructure as a Service
Access to hardware provisioned from remote providers
Examples:
Amazon Elastic Compute (EC2)
Cloud and Simple Storage Service (S3)
Many library automation vendors use IaaS to deploy their offerings

37. New Generation Library Management Options

38. OCLC Web-scale Management Services
Full complement of automation functionality delivered through enhanced WorldCat platform
Cataloging: (initially Connexion)
Discovery: WorldCat Local
Resource Sharing: OCLC ILL
Circulation: new functionality based on holding and item record extensions
Acquisitions: Globally shared vendor file
License management for content subscriptions
APIs to extend functionality and support interoperability
In Challenge to ILS Industry, OCLC Extends WorldCat Local To Launch New Library System
Marshall Breeding, Library Journal 4/23/2009

39. OCLC WMS technology stack
Java 6
Apache 2
Tomcat 6
MySQL 5.1
Suse Linux
jBPM 4
WebSphere MQ 6
Mule 2

40. Kuali OLE
Mellon funded project to create new enterprise level automation platform for research libraries
1-year planning project led by Duke University
Manage resources of all formats
More than an ILS / Less than an ILS
Community Source / Open Source
Indiana University; Florida Consortium (University of Florida representing Florida International University, Florida State University, New College of Florida, Rollins College, University of Central Florida, University of Miami, University of South Florida, the Florida Center for Library Automation); Lehigh University; Triangle Research Libraries Network, represented by Duke University and North Carolina State University; University of Chicago; University of Maryland; University of Michigan; and the University of Pennsylvania.

41. OLE Project: Phase I Planning and Design Phase
Develop Vision + Blueprint
Work with consultants with expertise in SOA and BPM
Instill community ownership of OLE
Recruit partners for Phase II

42. Kuali OLE Project: Phase II
2-year build project led by Indiana University
$2.38 million from Mellon matched by capital and in-kind contributions by development partners
Community source reference implementation
Create software based on OLE blueprint from current project
Early software in months
High level of investment and commitment to implementation

43. Kuali OLE technology stack
Kuali Rice, middleware: forms routing, messaging, integrations, identity, queues, alerts, audit.
Kuali Financial Subsystem (subset)
Java SDK
Spring Framework
Struts
Apache OJB
Oracle DB

44. Ex Libris Alma
New automation framework based on concept of Unified Resource Management
Workflows to accommodate digital, electronic and print resources
Delivered through Software as a Service
Community Zone: shared data stores maintained on behalf of all Alma sites
Extended version of SFX knowledge base
Shared bibliographic repository
Library Zone: data pertaining to individual implementations

45. Alma technology stack Java (J2EE)
Oracle: search within Alma uses Oracle Text as indexer/search
JBOSS application
JBMP workflow engine (business process management)

46. Deployment Schedules Alma: General release planed for early 2012
Kuali OLE: Version 1 release July 2012
Implementations to be underway at partner sites
(not necessarily ready for full ILS replacement)
OCLC Web-scale Management Services
Libraries in production in circ and acquisitions since July 2010
General release July 2011

47. Serials Solutions Web-scale Management Solution
New automation platform announced at ALA Annual
Extends automation models in existing products oriented to electronic subscriptions to print and digital materials
Software as a service
Goal to allow the library to unplug their ILS
Print component based on shared bibliographic database
Initially targets mid-sized academic libraries
Initial availability planned for end of 2012

48. Decoupled Discovery?
Decoupled interfaces emerged from broken online catalogs
Poor interfaces, inadequate scope
Inefficient integration between automation and discovery platforms
New wave of more tightly integrated suites:
Ex Libris Alma > Primo
OCLC Web-scale Management Services > WorldCat Local
Serials Solutions Web-Scale Management Solution > Summon
Still possible to decouple, but more effort, worse results

49. Delivering library services to mobile devices
Increased expectation for access to services through mobile
Library services:
Mobile web
Apps
Transmit library notices through SMS
Carefully select functionality appropriate for mobile

50. Tablet computing
Tablet computers have been around for a while, but the introduction of Apple’s iPad increases popularity
High-quality device for content consumption
Access to library services and content

51. Questions and discussion

52. Thanks!