1. Psychology Abnormal Review

2. 1. What is Trephining Original “treatment” for mental disorders. Thought patients were possessed by demons and drilled holes to let demons out. Worked because people were scared enough to “snap” back into normal

3. 2. What is the definition of insanity? mental illness of such a severe nature that a person cannot distinguish fantasy from reality, cannot conduct her/his affairs due to psychosis, or is subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior. Cannot distinguish right from wrong.

4. 3. Factors to determine abnormal behavior? Distress Maladaptiveness Irrationality Unpredictability Unconventional or undesirable

5. 4. Common methods used to treat mental disorders Drugs – Traditionally only work to get rid of or control symptoms but often don’t treat the actual disorder. Therapy – Various forms of therapy seek to figure out the cause and get the patient to work through it which treats the disorder.

6. 5. Rosenhans Study Proved the criteria for establishing mental illness is fuzzy. Demonstrated problems with psychiatric hospitals Showed bias present in mental health diagnosis

7. 6. Dissociative Disorders Characterized by episodes during which patients are unable to recall important personal information. These episodes of forgetfulness are too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. Psychogenic Fugue, Psychogenic Amnesia, Dissociative Identity Disorder, Depersonalization Disorder

8. 7. Fugue vs. Amnesia Fugue: memory loss takes the form of lost sense of identity. During fugue, people have no memory of past lives but regain it quickly when the state passes. Amnesia: pervasive memory loss related to a specific event or events.

9. 8. Examples of DID Different clothing or food choices Different likes and dislikes Different speech patterns or accents Different allergies or reaction Different genders

10. 9. Depersonaliziation Disorder Dissociative Disorder in which the sufferer has strong feelings of being outside their physical or mental body.

11. 10. Somatoform Disorders Characterized by the repeated presentation of physical symptoms in spite of negative findings and reassurances by doctors that the symptoms have no physical basis. Hypocondriasis and Conversion Disorder

12. 11 & 12. Disorders Conversion Disorder: Paralysis, weakness or loss of function or sensation with no discernible physical cause. Hypocondriasis: A persistent worry about being sick. Every ache, pain or cough signals a serious disease.

13. 13. Mood Disorders Mood disorders are clinical conditions characterized by a disturbance of mood or persistent emotional states that affect how a person acts, thinks and perceives his or her environment. Major Depression, Bipolar

14. 14. Depression vs. Major Depression Major Depression- a severe depressive disorder in which the person may show loss of appetite, psychomotor behaviors, an impaired reality testing. Depression – Temporary feelings of sadness or lack of positive outlook.

15. 15. Suicide More frequent during exit events: Death divorce moving losing a friend

16. 16. Groups 2X as high for white American than African Americans 1 in 4 Native American teens Physicians, lawyers, and psychologists Elderly- nearly twice the national rate College students – leading cause of death.

17. 17. Suicide Myths Only about 20% for attention 75% of successful suicide made previous attempts Not necessarily “insane”, rather loss of hope

18. 18. Stages of Bipolar Mood swings from mania to depression unrelated to external events.

19. 19. Types of Bipolar Bipolar I – has both phases but tend to be more in mania Bipolar II – has both but tend to spend more time in depression

20. 20. Anxiety Disorders Mental and physical manifestations of anxiety not attributable to real danger. Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, phobias

21. 21. Phobias a phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of an object or situation. Three types: – Social phobias: deals with fears of other people and/or social situations – Specific phobias: deals with fears of specific things – Agoraphobia: deals with fear of being trapped inescapable place or situation.

22. 22. Phobias vs. fears What makes phobia different than fear? – Unrealistic – Detrimental to ability to function – Not proportional to situation

23. 23. Categories of Specific Phobias Specific phobias: – The natural environment – Animals – Medical – Situational

24. 24. Panic Disorder Sudden attacks of anxiety unrelated to real danger and not proportional to the situation.

25. 25. Generalized Anxiety Disorder A persistent state of anxiety characterized by worst case reactions, a state of heightened attention and out of proportion reactions. The missing child example.

26. 26. OCD characterized by the obsessive need to perform some task or tasks in order to lower anxiety levels. These tasks are often known as rituals.

27. 27. Compulsions Compulsions: actions that the person performs, usually repeatedly, in an attempt to make the obsession go away. Obsessions: ideas that the person cannot stop thinking about.

28. 28. PTSD An anxiety disorder that occurs after an individual suffers a traumatic event.

29. 29. Types of Symptoms for PTSD Reliving the event Avoiding situations that remind you of the event Feeling numb Hyper-arousal or being “keyed up”

30. 30. Personality Disorder Deeply ingrained, maladaptive patterns of behavior. Narcissistic, Borderline and Antisocial personality disorders

31. 31. Borderline Borderline Personality Disorder is a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity.

32. 32. Narcissistic Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.

33. 33. Antisocial Antisocial Personality Disorder is a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others.

34. 34. Schizophrenic Disturbances Emotions are blunted with bizarre thoughts. Hallucinations Fragmented memories Meaningless mental detours Feelings of being watched or observed

35. 35. Delusions Auditory hallucinations Visual hallucinations Incomplete or imagined memories Persecution or grandiosity

36. 36. Types of Schizophrenia Disorganized type Catatonic type Paranoid type Undifferentiated type Residual type

37. 37. Body Dismorphic Disorder Mental disorder when individuals can't stop thinking about a flaw with their appearance — a flaw that is either minor or imagined.

38. 38. Anorexia vs. Bulimia Anorexia: Voluntarily not eating because of anxiety over weight and body image. Bulimia: Eating large amounts of food (bingeing) and then purging through throwing up, excessive exercise or use of laxatives.