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Published byFelicity Stephens Modified over 9 years ago
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!☻☻!Disorders Friday!?! Or Stuck in the middle with Speech Chapter 7 & 8 Mencher for next Quizette (Oct 29)
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Otitis Media (Chap 6 in Mencher) Symptom Sudden pain (< 24 hours)Sudden pain (< 24 hours) Moderate to profound hearing loss (1 – 14 days)Moderate to profound hearing loss (1 – 14 days) Population Respiratory InfectionRespiratory Infection Diver/High pressure environmentDiver/High pressure environment Diagnosis Acute otitis media serousAcute otitis media serous Serous fluid (produced in the middle ear) built up Eustacian tube blocked by resp. infection Self resolve or grommetSelf resolve or grommet Chronic otitis media serous ChildrenChildren Glue in ear, must aerateGlue in ear, must aerate
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Masking Speech SNR = signal to noise ratio 0 dB SPL SNR -> 1 to 1 levels0 dB SPL SNR -> 1 to 1 levels -10 dB SPL SNR -> Signal 10 dB less intense than noise-10 dB SPL SNR -> Signal 10 dB less intense than noise Hearing aid benefit Boost signal in quietBoost signal in quiet Improve SNR 0 to 20 dB SPL (‘good’ = 8 dB)Improve SNR 0 to 20 dB SPL (‘good’ = 8 dB) Directional, number of microphones, algorithms for suppressing noise
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What kind of Noise? Energetic Masking Gaussian Noise or specific frequenciesGaussian Noise or specific frequencies Broad or partial mask of signal No semantic contentNo semantic content Continuous, powerful maskContinuous, powerful mask Informational masking Multiple talkersMultiple talkers Competing semantic contentCompeting semantic content Partial energetic mask, discontinuousPartial energetic mask, discontinuous Dependent on speech envelope
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How does masking affect hearing? Test: comprehension of nonsense sentences ‘The house flew the kitchen’‘The house flew the kitchen’ Informational vs. Energetic maskerInformational vs. Energetic masker Spatial separation of masker & signal 0˚ to 180˚0˚ to 180˚ PREDICTIONSPREDICTIONS Demo: masking speech Unilateral hearing loss on Speech?
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Otitis Media Symptoms Frequent ear infectionsFrequent ear infections Initially acute Pain & discharge Conductive hearing lossConductive hearing loss Population Aural surgery in youthAural surgery in youth Crowded living conditions/large familyCrowded living conditions/large family Diagnosis Chronic Suppurative Otitis MediaChronic Suppurative Otitis Media Perforated tympanic membrane Did not heal properly after surgery?Did not heal properly after surgery? Inflammation of MucosaInflammation of Mucosa High risk for infection May cause granulation of Media Drainage & antibiotics may be requiredDrainage & antibiotics may be required If severe tympanoplastyIf severe tympanoplasty
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‘Hearing’ Speech with Dyslexia Traditional dyslexia Normal intelligence & sensory abilityNormal intelligence & sensory ability Difficulty Reading, Writing & SpellingDifficulty Reading, Writing & Spelling Visual dysfunction New View on Dyslexia (Wallace & Flowers, under review) Multisensory matching difficultiesMultisensory matching difficulties Exp: Which of two flashes occurred firstExp: Which of two flashes occurred first With/without coincident ‘beep’ Change latency of visual flash relative to beep 50 – 400 ms Result: Dyslexics performance is enhanced over greater latencies (up to 350 ms)Result: Dyslexics performance is enhanced over greater latencies (up to 350 ms) Disturbed multisensory matching
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Otitis Media Ramifications Social consequences Hearing loss (frustration, etc)Hearing loss (frustration, etc) Avoidance of pressurized environmentsAvoidance of pressurized environments Local consequences Erosion of the long process of the IncusErosion of the long process of the Incus Erosion into labrynth (semi-circular canals) & fistulaErosion into labrynth (semi-circular canals) & fistula
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