1. Outlines What are they? What are they good for? How to write one?

2. What is an Outline? An outline is the logical ordering of information.

3. What’s it good for? Helps you keep track of large amounts of information. Helps you keep track of large amounts of information. Creative writing: Creative writing: –helps organize the various plot threads and help keep track of character traits. Research Papers/Scientific Writing: Research Papers/Scientific Writing: –Helps to maintain flow and prevents deviation from thesis. Oral report or presentation: Oral report or presentation: –speak more effectively in front of a crowd

4. Outlines for Studying Helps bring attention to key facts/ideas Helps bring attention to key facts/ideas Helps differentiate insignificant details Helps differentiate insignificant details from the significant! from the significant! Reduces study time!! Reduces study time!!

5. What’s it good for? A Recap… Helps you keep track of large amounts of information. Helps you keep track of large amounts of information. Helps you organize your ideas Helps you organize your ideas Presents your material in a logical form Presents your material in a logical form Shows the relationships among ideas in your writing Shows the relationships among ideas in your writing Constructs an ordered overview of your writing Constructs an ordered overview of your writing

6. How’s it done? The outline shows the order of the various topics, the relative importance of each, and the relationship between the various parts. The outline shows the order of the various topics, the relative importance of each, and the relationship between the various parts. The most common order in outlines is to go from the general to the specific. This means you begin with a general idea and then support it with specific examples. The most common order in outlines is to go from the general to the specific. This means you begin with a general idea and then support it with specific examples.

7. Outlines follow rigid formats, using Roman and Arabic numerals along with capital and small letters of the alphabet. – –(This helps both you and anyone who reads your outline to follow your organization easily.) NOTE: There is no rule for which type of outline is best. Choose the one that you think works best for your paper. How’s it done?

8. Rules for Outlining 1. Subdivide topics by a system of numbers and letters, followed by a period. Example: I. A. B. 1. 2. a. b. i. II. A. B. 2. Each heading and subheading must have at least two parts. 3. Be consistent!!!!

9. MLA Outline Format ***The MLA outline uses a combination of Roman and Arabic numerals and Contemporary English Letters. Below is an example of an MLA outline. Title of Outline I. Main Heading #1 A. Sub Heading #1 1.1. Details for sub heading #1 2.2. More Details for sub heading #1 3.3. More Details for sub heading #1 4.4. More Details for sub heading #1 a.Information on specific detail b.More Information B. Sub Heading #2 II. Main Heading #2

10. How’s it done? 1. Identify the topic. 2. Identify the main categories. 3. Create the first category. 4. Create subcategories.

11. How’s it done? Three Types: Three Types: –Sentence –Topic –Decimal

12. The Full Sentence Outline FULL sentences are required at every step of the outline. FULL sentences are required at every step of the outline. Example: Example: Sentence Outline: Choices in College and After Thesis: The decisions I have to make in choosing college courses, depend on larger questions I am beginning to ask myself about my life’s work.

13. I. I have two decisions to make with respect to choosing college courses in the immediate future. A. One is whether to elect a course in art history or in chemistry. 1. One time in my life, I planned to be a chemical engineer professionally. 2. On the other hand, I enjoy art and plan to travel and see more of it. B. The second decision is whether to continue a third year of French beyond the basic college requirement. 1. French might be useful both in engineering and travel. 2. Furthermore, I am eager to read good books which are written in French. 3. How necessary are these considerations in the light of other courses I might take instead? II. My problem can be put in the form of a dilemma involving larger questions about my whole future. A. On the one hand I want to hold a highly-trained position in a lucrative profession. B. On the other hand I want to lead a certain kind of life, with capacities for values not connected with the making of money. III. I will have to make a decision balancing the conflicting needs I have described. A. I will hold open the professional possibilities by electing chemistry. B. I will improve and solidify what cultural proficiency in another language I have already gained, by electing French.

14. The Topic Outline Headings are given in single words or brief phrases. Headings are given in single words or brief phrases. Example: Example: Topic Outline: Choices in College and After Thesis: The decisions I have to make in choosing college courses, depend on larger questions I am beginning to ask myself about my life’s work.

15. I.Two decisions described A. Art history or chemistry 1. Professional considerations 2. Personal considerations B. A third year of French? 1. Practical advantages of knowing a foreign language 2. Intellectual advantages 3. The issue of necessity II. Definition of the problem A. Decisions about occupation B. Decisions about a kind of life to lead III. Temporary resolution of the problem A. To hold open a professional possibility: chemistry B. To take advantage of cultural gains already made: French

16. Basic Rules: A Recap Coordination Coordination Subordination Subordination They come in Two’s They come in Two’s Be Consistent!! Be Consistent!!

17. Coordination All the information contained in Heading 1 should have the same significance as the information contained in Heading 2. All the information contained in Heading 1 should have the same significance as the information contained in Heading 2.Example: I. Visit and evaluate college campuses II. Visit and evaluate college websites A. Note important statistics B. Look for interesting classes (Campus and websites visits are equally significant. They are part of the main tasks you would need to do. Finding statistics and classes found on college websites are parts of the process (Campus and websites visits are equally significant. They are part of the main tasks you would need to do. Finding statistics and classes found on college websites are parts of the process

18. Subordination The information in the headings should be more general, while the information in the subheadings should be more specific. The information in the headings should be more general, while the information in the subheadings should be more specific.Example: I. Describe an influential person in your life A. Favorite high school teacher B. Grandparent (A favorite teacher and grandparent are specific examples from the generalized category of influential people in your life.) (A favorite teacher and grandparent are specific examples from the generalized category of influential people in your life.)

19. They Come in Two’s By convention, each category consists of a minimum of two entries. If your first category is Roman numeral I, your outline must also have a category labeled roman numeral II; if you have a capital letter A under category I, you must also have a capital letter B. Whether you then go on to have capital letters C, D, E, etc., is up to you, depending on the amount of material you are going to cover.

20. Be Consistent!

21. I. A. B. 1. 2. a. b. i. ii. A. i. ii.

22. THE END…

23. Ok, I Lied. TEXTBOOK OUTLINES FOR ACTUAL STUDYING… TEXTBOOK OUTLINES FOR ACTUAL STUDYING… The formal chapter outlines will help with…see slide 3, 4, and 5

24. TEXTBOOK OUTLINES FOR ACTUAL STUDYING… TEXTBOOK OUTLINES FOR ACTUAL STUDYING… The formal chapter outlines will help with…see slide 3, 4, and 5 Basic outlining already done for you…it’s your job to weed out the insignificant junk from the good stuff. Basic outlining already done for you…it’s your job to weed out the insignificant junk from the good stuff.

25. TEXTBOOK OUTLINES FOR ACTUAL STUDYING…(c slides 3,4,5 yada yada yada) TEXTBOOK OUTLINES FOR ACTUAL STUDYING…(c slides 3,4,5 yada yada yada) Basic outlining already done for you…it’s your job to weed out the insignificant junk from the good stuff. Basic outlining already done for you…it’s your job to weed out the insignificant junk from the good stuff. Two words….Sticky notes! Two words….Sticky notes!