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Nuclear Reactions
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Nuclear Decay Song on Youtube
Animation of Alpha, Beta, Gamma rays on youtube radioactive dating using Uranium on Youtube Animation Explain Why Nuclear decay and emissions occurs One Half-life to Live Song on Youtube
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Lesson 2: Nuclear Decay Nuclear Radiation - Particles and energy released from decaying nucleus 3 types: Alpha particles (a) Beta particles (b) Gamma rays (g)
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Alpha Particles particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons with an electric charge of +2 Like a Helium nucleus
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Alpha Particles do not travel far due to:
Massive size Are the least penetrating form of nuclear radiation
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Beta Particles (b): electron emitted during the radioactive decay of a neutron into a proton
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Beta Particles (b): travels further through matter than alpha particles fast moving because it is so small
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Gamma Rays (g): high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by a nucleus during radioactive decay
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Gamma Rays (g): Have no mass and no charge
can penetrate matter deeply, even buildings
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Lesson 4: Half-life of radioactive Isotopes
The length of time it takes half of the atoms of a sample of the radioactive isotope to decay Vary from fractions of a second to billions of years
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Radioactive Decay Rates
Radioactive decay is used to determine the age of old objects. Carbon-14 dating can be used to date once-living materials from the past 50,000 years Uranium dating cam be used to date rocks
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Radioactive Decay Series for I-131
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Radioactive Decay Series for I-131
Original sample
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Radioactive Decay Series for I-131
1- half life
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Radioactive Decay Series for I-131
2 – half lifes
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Radioactive Decay Series for I-131
3 – half lives
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Isotope Half - life Examples of Half-lifes for different Isotopes
K-40 1,280,000,000 years Pt ,120 years I days Th s
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Lesson 5: Nuclear Reactions: Nuclear fission
process of splitting a nucleus into two nuclei with smaller masses
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Nuclear fission a large amount of energy is released
Used in Nuclear reactors in power plants and submarines
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Chain reaction – an ongoing series of Fission reactions
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Nuclar Fusion Two nuclei with low masses are combined to form one nucleus of larger mass
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Can only happen when nuclei are moving fast enough to get close to each other
Temperature in stars (millions of °C) are high enough for fusion to occur
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It is very difficult to contain the reaction.
it must happen at temperatures greater than 108 oC, no known material could contain it without melting some success has been achieved by containing the reaction in a magnetic field
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Dangers and Benefits of Nuclear Radiation
Radioactive substances can be very useful , but when used carelessly, nuclear radiation can be extremely dangerous, even though we are exposed to some radiation everyday.
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Dangers from Nuclear Radiation
Background radiation causing radiation sickness causing genetic mutations
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Benefits from Nuclear Radiation
smoke detectors radioactive tracers in medicine radioactive material added to a substance so that its location can be detected later
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Benefits to Nuclear Power
does not produce gaseous pollutants that cause ozone depletion and acid rain Cheap to make electricity this way but expensive to build the power plant More energy in the known uranium reserves than in the known reserves of coal and oil
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Dangers to Nuclear Power
Radioactive products must be handled correctly Safety of the reactors Equip with shielding Storage of spent nuclear fuel
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