1. Privacy Policy, Law and Technology Carnegie Mellon University Fall 2004 Lorrie Cranor http://lorrie.cranor.org/courses/fa04/ 1 History and Philosophy Week 2 - September 7, 9

2. Privacy Policy, Law and Technology Carnegie Mellon University Fall 2004 Lorrie Cranor http://lorrie.cranor.org/courses/fa04/ 2 Guest speaker Peter Madsen, CMU Dept of Philosophy Any follow-up questions?

3. Privacy Policy, Law and Technology Carnegie Mellon University Fall 2004 Lorrie Cranor http://lorrie.cranor.org/courses/fa04/ 3 Citing sources Whenever you take words, images, or ideas from another source you need to cite that source  Direct quotes and paraphrases  Images,photographs, tables, graphs  Ideas, measurements, computations Also use citations as evidence to back up assertions If you use somebody else’s words, you must quote them  Short excerpts appear in quotes  Long excerpts (3 or more lines) are introduced and then appear as indented text, often in a smaller font, single spaced  If you leave out words in the middle use …  If you leave out words at the end use ….  If you substitute or add words, put them in square brackets []  If you add italics say [emphasis added] Failure to cite sources = plagiarism Research and Communication Skills

4. Privacy Policy, Law and Technology Carnegie Mellon University Fall 2004 Lorrie Cranor http://lorrie.cranor.org/courses/fa04/ 4 Paraphrasing Usually paraphrasing ideas is preferable to quoting unless  Exact wording is important  You are quoting famous words  You are critiquing or comparing specific words rather than ideas  The original words say what you want to say very well and succinctly Usually paraphrasing lets you convey an idea more succinctly because you can focus on the part of the idea most relevant to your paper If you end up using some of the original words in your paraphrase, use quotes around those words Research and Communication Skills

5. Privacy Policy, Law and Technology Carnegie Mellon University Fall 2004 Lorrie Cranor http://lorrie.cranor.org/courses/fa04/ 5 Forms of citation Full bibliographic citation inline  Typically used on a slide Footnote or endnote  Used in legal writing, many books, some conferences and journals Inline short citation with bibliography, references cited section, or reference list  Used by most technical conferences and journals, some books, most dissertations Research and Communication Skills

6. Privacy Policy, Law and Technology Carnegie Mellon University Fall 2004 Lorrie Cranor http://lorrie.cranor.org/courses/fa04/ 6 Citations in text Format depends on style you are using  Usually a number or author and date, sometimes a page number reference too Citation usually goes at the end of the sentence  Privacy is not “absolute,” (Westin 1967).  Privacy is not “absolute,” [3]. If Author is mentioned, in sentence, name does not appear in citation  Westin (1967, p. 7) claims that individuals must balance a desire for privacy with a desire to participate in society. Multiple citations can appear together  [3, 4, 5]  (Westin 1967; Cranor 2002) Research and Communication Skills

7. Privacy Policy, Law and Technology Carnegie Mellon University Fall 2004 Lorrie Cranor http://lorrie.cranor.org/courses/fa04/ 7 Creating a bibliography Similar rules apply to other forms of citation (footnotes, etc.) Pick an appropriate style and use it consistently throughout your paper  Most conferences and journals have style requirements  Popular styles: Chicago/Turabian, MLA, APA, APSA Complete bibliographic entry includes author, title, date, publisher, place of publication, pages, volume number, etc. Bibliographic entries should be ordered - usually either alphabetically or in order referenced in the text Research and Communication Skills

8. Privacy Policy, Law and Technology Carnegie Mellon University Fall 2004 Lorrie Cranor http://lorrie.cranor.org/courses/fa04/ 8 Word processing tools Microsoft Word  Word has built in support for footnotes and endnotes  Use cross reference feature for numbered reference lists  Third party bibliographic add-ons may be useful LaTeX  Built in support for footnotes and endnotes  Use Bibtex! Research and Communication Skills

9. Privacy Policy, Law and Technology Carnegie Mellon University Fall 2004 Lorrie Cranor http://lorrie.cranor.org/courses/fa04/ 9 Administrative notes I will be late for office hours today… look for me around 3:15 We need to schedule time for poster session week of December 6  Tuesday, Thursday or Friday afternoon?  Wednesday or Friday morning?  Tuesday or Thursday during class time? Assign laws and self-regulatory programs to research for HW3HW3

10. Privacy Policy, Law and Technology Carnegie Mellon University Fall 2004 Lorrie Cranor http://lorrie.cranor.org/courses/fa04/ 10 Homework 2 Discussion http://lorrie.cranor.org/courses/fa04/hw2.html Questions or comments on reading (2) a) What is "secondary use" of data? b) Give two examples of how a secondary use principle was applied in nineteenth century America. c) Give two examples of secondary uses of data by a business or government agency today. (3) What similarities are there between nineteenth century concerns about privacy of the postal mail and telegraph and contemporary concerns about email privacy? What technical and legal solutions have been used to address these concerns in nineteenth century America and today? (4) Why is a sign notifying individuals of a web cam not a completely satisfying solution to privacy protection? (5) Major issues of privacy-related advocacy groups